{"id":743,"date":"2023-04-08T14:09:19","date_gmt":"2023-04-08T07:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=743"},"modified":"2023-04-13T10:12:49","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T03:12:49","slug":"gen-tien-ung-thu-va-gen-uc-che-khoi-u","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/08\/gen-tien-ung-thu-va-gen-uc-che-khoi-u\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0 hai gen r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh sinh c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai gen n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh sinh c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i gen n\u00e0y tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gen v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan di truy\u1ec1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Gen \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ung th\u01b0 h\u00f3a. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen. C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i gen li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0: gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gen v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. Gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

2.1 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 oncogene, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gen c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ung th\u01b0 h\u00f3a trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, v\u00e0 khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn hay b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra ung th\u01b0.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a protein do gen \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gen. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb cha m\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, hay l\u00e0 do l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 oncogene th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. RAS<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t, ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. MYC<\/strong>: Gen MYC c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, ung th\u01b0 gan v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. HER2<\/strong>: Gen HER2 hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ERBB2, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. EGFR<\/strong>: Gen EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. BRAF<\/strong>: Gen BRAF c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 da v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 trong ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. Gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    3.1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tumor suppressor gene, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gen c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 “c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t” c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb cha m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 hay do l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    3.2. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. TP53<\/strong>: Gen TP53 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0. Gen n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. BRCA1 v\u00e0 BRCA2<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong BRCA1 v\u00e0 BRCA2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. PTEN<\/strong>: Gen PTEN c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0, nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t, ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. RB1<\/strong>: Gen RB1 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong gen RB1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 m\u1eaft, ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u trong ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t ung th\u01b0.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0 hai gen r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh sinh c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai gen n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh sinh c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,33],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"\nPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i gen li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0: gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gen ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u - 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