{"id":514,"date":"2023-04-05T15:52:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T08:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=514"},"modified":"2023-04-13T11:16:16","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T04:16:16","slug":"tong-quan-viem-mang-nao-o-tre-em","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/05\/tong-quan-viem-mang-nao-o-tre-em\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o \u1edf tr\u1ebb em"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Theo th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd vi\u00eam c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>1. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00eam c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u trong d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o t\u1ee7y (CSF). Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cao \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em \u1edf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u di ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng: t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, g\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m th\u00ednh l\u1ef1c, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung,&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o\u00a0 tr\u1ebb em<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n, virus \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e2y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hay ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh cho \u0111\u1ebfn 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do vi khu\u1ea9n: <em>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/em> (t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Li\u00ean c\u1ea7u tan huy\u1ebft beta nh\u00f3m B &#8211; GBS), <em>Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes<\/em>, Ph\u1ebf c\u1ea7u (<em>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do virus: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 HSV-2, Parechovirus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do vi khu\u1ea9n: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn <em>Neisseria meningitidis<\/em>, <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/em>, v\u00e0 <em>Haemophilus influenzae<\/em> type B.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do virus: Enterovirus, Coxsackievirus, Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, virus quai b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1t cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 38 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110au \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>Bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f4n m\u1eeda.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u00ecn l\u00ean tr\u00ean, \u1edf b\u00e9 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Co gi\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c run r\u1ea9y.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0111au b\u1ee5ng, m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure style=\"width: 257px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/th.bing.com\/th\/id\/OIG.RPbkhkTbGA_ITLrRkxRk?pid=ImgGn\" alt=\"Minh-hoa-viem-mang-nao-tre-em\" width=\"257\" height=\"257\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Minh h\u1ecda vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>4. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o \u1edf tr\u1ebb em<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o \u1edf tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00e1ng sinh: N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 do vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c vi n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y ra, b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00e1ng sinh\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o l\u00e0 do virus g\u00e2y ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00e1ng virus: N\u1ebfu vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o l\u00e0 do virus g\u00e2y ra, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng virus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li>Thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t: B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111au c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng: N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0 co gi\u1eadt hay suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3: Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em n\u00e3o do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n <em>H. influenzae<\/em>, vi khu\u1ea9n <em>N. meningitidis<\/em> v\u00e0 virus quai b\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac: Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho tr\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: Khi tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ebb em th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 r\u1eeda tay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, tr\u00e1nh chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng: Khi tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p cho tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch kh\u00e1m t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n, Qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch vui l\u00f2ng b\u1ea5m s\u1ed1\u00a0<b class=\"link-in-body\">HOTLINE<\/b>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u00a0<a class=\"appointment-button link-in-body\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vinmec.com\/vi\/dangkykham\/\"><b class=\"link-in-body\">T\u1ea0I \u0110\u00c2Y<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/viral-meningitis-in-children-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?search=meningitis%20%20in%20children&amp;source=search_result&amp;selectedTitle=2~150&amp;usage_type=default&amp;display_rank=2\"> Uptodate<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Theo th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd vi\u00eam c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i. 1. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,33],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ed5ng quan vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o \u1edf tr\u1ebb em - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o \u1edf tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. 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