{"id":35187,"date":"2023-06-17T14:45:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-17T07:45:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=35187"},"modified":"2023-06-17T14:57:41","modified_gmt":"2023-06-17T07:57:41","slug":"dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. L\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. \u00a0T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV qua QHTD thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 khi quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Virus HIV c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>1. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 HIV<\/h2>\n<p>HIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t virus ARN g\u1ed3m 9200 nucleotid<br \/>\n\u2022 HIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cretrovirus\u201d:<br \/>\n\u2013 Sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb ARN th\u00e0nh ADN s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme sao ch\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<br \/>\n\u2013 ADN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 (lympho b\u00e0o T)<br \/>\n\u2013 Sau \u0111\u00f3 virus HIV (ARN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c protein) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ADN n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-35188 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4082d022-c79c-4026-98a2-1ffb818b3c72-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4082d022-c79c-4026-98a2-1ffb818b3c72-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4082d022-c79c-4026-98a2-1ffb818b3c72-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4082d022-c79c-4026-98a2-1ffb818b3c72-768x768.jpg 768w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4082d022-c79c-4026-98a2-1ffb818b3c72.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>HIV l\u00e2y lan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u: nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u\u2026..<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam nh\u01b0 ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con: qua nhau thai\/trong khi sinh con<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a HIV<\/p>\n<p>HIV ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<br \/>\n1. Nhi\u1ec5m HIV ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t<br \/>\n2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng<br \/>\n3. Nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng<br \/>\n4. AIDS (nhi\u1ec5m HIV ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n<h2>2. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p><strong>2.1 C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1\/ d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"974\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 QHTD qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadu m\u00f4n v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n QHTD kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 QHTD \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 QHTD ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HIV hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng chung d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eam ch\u00edch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u1ee3\/ch\u1ed3ng\/b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3:<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anh \u1ea5y\/c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 th\u00e1ng hay ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"972\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anh \u1ea5y\/c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HIV kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"974\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anh \u1ea5y\/c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"0\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV: ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 HIV c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/li>\n<li>Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f9ng chung kim ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn<\/li>\n<li>Quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/li>\n<li>Quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c: b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch BCS, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ea5u HIV, ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng\u2026<\/li>\n<li>Tai n\u1ea1n: sinh ho\u1ea1t, v\u00f4 \u00fd, b\u1ecb c\u1eafn,\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2.2 C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: nhi\u1ec5m HIV ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00a0h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec5m retrovirus c\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n<p>Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 2-4 tu\u1ea7n sau khi nhi\u1ec5m HIV<br \/>\n\u2022 C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 1-2 tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m:<br \/>\n\u2013 S\u1ed1t: S\u1ed1t 38 -40 \u0111\u1ed9 C ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9 th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh m\u1ea9y to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, s\u01b0ng h\u1ea1ch \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i: c\u1ed5, n\u00e1ch<br \/>\n\u2013 \u0110au c\u01a1\/\u0111au kh\u1edbp<br \/>\n\u2013 Vi\u00eam h\u1ecdng<br \/>\n\u2013 H\u1ea1ch to to\u00e0n th\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1t ban:<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1t ban to\u00e0n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<br \/>\n\u2013 T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed3ng ban d\u00e1t s\u1ea9n 5-10 mm<br \/>\n\u2013 Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 48-72 gi\u1edd sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1t<br \/>\n\u2013 K\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong 5-8 ng\u00e0y<br \/>\n\u2013 Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh<br \/>\n\u2013 \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee9a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o huy\u1ebft thanh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trongv\u00f2ng 4-12 tu\u1ea7n n\u00ean x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ecm kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 HIVth\u01b0\u1eddng \u00c2M T\u00cdNH trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y<br \/>\n\u2022 N\u1ebfu nghi nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u00e2m t\u00ednh th\u00ec l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m sau 1 v\u00e0 3 th\u00e1ng<br \/>\n\u2022 X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb9<br \/>\n<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh\/ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<br \/>\n\u2022 S\u00fat c\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh (&lt; 10% th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng)<br \/>\n\u2022 C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t (vi\u00eam xoang, vi\u00eam amidan, vi\u00eam tai gi\u1eefa, vi\u00eam h\u1ecdng)<br \/>\n\u2022 Zona (Herpes zoster)<br \/>\n\u2022 Ph\u00e1t ban s\u1ea9n ng\u1ee9a (PPE)<br \/>\n\u2022 N\u1ea5m m\u00f3ng, vi\u00eam da b\u00e3 nh\u1eddn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n<br \/>\n<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh\/ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<br \/>\n\u2022 Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (KRNN):<br \/>\n\u2013 S\u00fat c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng (&gt; 10% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3)<br \/>\n\u2013 Ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh tr\u00ean 1 th\u00e1ng<br \/>\n\u2013 S\u1ed1t dai d\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean 1 th\u00e1ng<br \/>\n\u2022 B\u1ec7nh Candida mi\u1ec7ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, b\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee1i d\u1ea1ng l\u00f4ng<br \/>\n\u2022 Lao ph\u1ed5i<br \/>\n\u2022 Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n n\u1eb7ng (vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, m\u1ee7 m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, NT huy\u1ebft\u2026)<br \/>\n\u2022 Thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u (&lt;8 g \/dl), gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u trung t\u00ednh (&lt;0.5 x 109\/l), ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u (&lt;50 x 109 \/l) kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u1eb7ng<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2022 H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy m\u00f2n do HIV: c\u00f3 2 trong 3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng sau:<br \/>\n\u2013 S\u00fat c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng (&gt; 10% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3) kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<br \/>\n\u2013 Ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh tr\u00ean 1 th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<br \/>\n\u2013 S\u1ed1t dai d\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean 1 th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Nhi\u1ec5m herpes simplex m\u00e3n t\u00ednh (m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng, sinh d\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadu m\u00f4n, tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 1 th\u00e1ng, hay herpes n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o).<\/li>\n<li>Lao ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ed5i<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i do Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP)<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ec7nh Candida th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ec7nh Toxoplasma h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do Cryptococcus neoformans<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ec7nh do Penicillium marneffei<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00eam v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c do Cytomegalovirus (CMV)<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i do vi khu\u1ea9n t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2.3 L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV s\u1edbm<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0mgi\u1ea3m l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV cho b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh<br \/>\n\u2022 Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV cho b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh \u00e2m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn 93% (Theo NC HP TN 052 t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u Phi)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb KH\u00d4NG quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<br \/>\n\u2022 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ca nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p d\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi r\u00fat d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf (PARTNERS, Opposites Attract).<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ed1i \u0111a, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a HIV trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch =&gt; Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi HIV =&gt; D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV (b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh\/b\u1ea1n ch\u00edch), t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV khi n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t khi BN s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng (ch\u00fa \u00fd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ARV)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2751 Trong c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n HIV<\/p>\n<p>\u2751 Trong v\u00f2ng 1 tu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n HIV<\/p>\n<p>\u2751 B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i: t\u00f9y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2751 T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>\u2751 R\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 ARV thay th\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean)<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng hay s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR l\u1ea7n 1 (+) ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng HIV (+) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd HIV n\u1eb7ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2.4 <\/strong><strong>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c an to\u00e0n<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<li>PrEP = D\u00f9ng ARV TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV(-) nh\u1eb1m d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV.PrEP l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng HIV m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1cARV \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/li>\n<li>PEP: d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV, s\u1eed dun gj ARV ngay sau khi ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m\/ nghi ng\u1edd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Ph\u01a1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a da hay ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (m\u00e1u, d\u1ecbch \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, tinh d\u1ecbch,\u2026) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. L\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. \u00a0T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV qua QHTD thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 khi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe - Vinmec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vinmec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-17T07:45:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-17T07:57:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4082d022-c79c-4026-98a2-1ffb818b3c72-300x300.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dai Tran Van\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dai Tran Van\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/\",\"name\":\"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe - Vinmec\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-17T07:45:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-17T07:57:41+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/b99bd843f29d91903ec9b6d18e47b0e2\"},\"description\":\"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/\",\"name\":\"Vinmec\",\"description\":\"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Y t\u1ebf Vinmec\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/b99bd843f29d91903ec9b6d18e47b0e2\",\"name\":\"Dai Tran Van\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/104f3ddcb78816cdc9f1340c38ade413?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/104f3ddcb78816cdc9f1340c38ade413?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dai Tran Van\"},\"url\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/author\/tranvandai2791995gmail-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe - Vinmec","description":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe - Vinmec","og_description":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.","og_url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/","og_site_name":"Vinmec","article_published_time":"2023-06-17T07:45:49+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-06-17T07:57:41+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4082d022-c79c-4026-98a2-1ffb818b3c72-300x300.jpg"}],"author":"Dai Tran Van","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dai Tran Van","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/","url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/","name":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe - Vinmec","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-06-17T07:45:49+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-17T07:57:41+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/b99bd843f29d91903ec9b6d18e47b0e2"},"description":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/17\/dau-hieu-nhiem-hiv-nhan-biet-som-de-bao-ve-suc-khoe\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website","url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/","name":"Vinmec","description":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Y t\u1ebf Vinmec","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/b99bd843f29d91903ec9b6d18e47b0e2","name":"Dai Tran Van","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/104f3ddcb78816cdc9f1340c38ade413?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/104f3ddcb78816cdc9f1340c38ade413?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dai Tran Van"},"url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/author\/tranvandai2791995gmail-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35187"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35187"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35190,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35187\/revisions\/35190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}