{"id":33584,"date":"2023-05-13T09:13:31","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T02:13:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=33584"},"modified":"2023-05-13T23:05:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-13T16:05:12","slug":"hinh-thai-hoc-cua-rang-va-ung-dung-trong-chinh-nha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/13\/hinh-thai-hoc-cua-rang-va-ung-dung-trong-chinh-nha\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong Ch\u1ec9nh nha."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cung r\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u00e0m, li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp r\u0103ng trong cung r\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham chi\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cung r\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u00e0m, li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp r\u0103ng trong cung r\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham chi\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ec9nh nha hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n

2.1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0m tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9nh nha ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng c\u1eeda<\/strong>\n
      \n
    • C\u00e1c r\u0103ng c\u1eeda c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau: h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c hay h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng (H\u00ecnh 1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \"hinh-thai-rang-1\"
      H\u00ecnh 1: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng c\u1eeda. A, R\u0103ng d\u1ea1ng tam gi\u00e1c. B, R\u0103ng d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. C, R\u0103ng d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \n
      • \n
          \n
        • R\u0103ng c\u1eeda d\u1ea1ng tam gi\u00e1c (H\u00ecnh 1A): R\u0103ng c\u1eeda d\u1ea1ng tam gi\u00e1c hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng thu\u00f4n (taper). R\u0103ng d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tam gi\u00e1c \u0111en gi\u1eefa hai r\u0103ng sau ch\u1ec9nh nha, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tam gi\u00e1c \u0111en n\u00e0y, khi g\u1eafn m\u1eafc c\u00e0i c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa tr\u1ee5c m\u1eafc c\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho<\/li>\n
        • R\u0103ng c\u1eeda h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt (H\u00ecnh 1B): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ec9nh nha, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb9p (well-form). V\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u0103ng c\u1eeda h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn m\u1eafc c\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
        • R\u0103ng c\u1eeda h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng (H\u00ecnh 1C): R\u0103ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u (barrel). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u0103ng tam gi\u00e1c, r\u0103ng qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf b\u1edd c\u1eafn, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 r\u0103ng tam gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0i k\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u0103ng qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng c\u1eeda b\u00ean<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng c\u1eeda b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 r\u0103ng c\u1eeda gi\u1eefa, tuy nhi\u00ean r\u0103ng c\u1eeda b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 thu\u00f4n hay nh\u1ecdn (H\u00ecnh 2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \"hinh-thai-rang-2\"
            H\u00ecnh 2: R\u0103ng c\u1eeda b\u00ean d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ee5.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
              \n
            • \n
                \n
              • Nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng c\u1eeda b\u00ean d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c r\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0m tr\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ea1ng I r\u0103ng nanh. Nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m, sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha m\u1edbi thay b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng g\u1ea7n song song v\u1edbi nhau, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i k\u1ebd r\u0103ng (stripping) m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng nanh<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \"hinh-thai-rang-3\"
                H\u00ecnh 3: M\u00fai r\u0103ng nanh qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecdn (A) ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 ph\u1eb3ng (B).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                    \n
                  • R\u0103ng nanh c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd trong ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cong m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i r\u0103ng nanh.<\/li>\n
                  • H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 ph\u1eb3ng (H\u00ecnh 3). Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecdn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edbt khi g\u1eafn m\u1eafc c\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c khi g\u1eafn m\u1eafc c\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m m\u1eafc c\u1ea3i v\u1edbi b\u1edd c\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eafc c\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngay gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n r\u0103ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00fai r\u00e3nh nanh m\u00f2n qu\u00e1 th\u00ec gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m m\u1eafc c\u00e0i v\u1edbi b\u1edd c\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \"hinh-thai-rang-4\"
                    H\u00ecnh 4: M\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i r\u0103ng nanh g\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                        \n
                      • V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cong m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i r\u0103ng nanh, \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 g\u1ed3 (H\u00ecnh 4), s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 bong m\u1eafc c\u00e0i do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eafc c\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edbt ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu h\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c m\u1eb7t nhai s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng nanh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eafc c\u00e0i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i r\u0103ng nanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eafc c\u00e0i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        1.2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u0103ng trong ch\u1ec9nh nha, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau trong c\u00f9ng cung r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t h\u00e0i h\u00f2a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa hai cung r\u0103ng. Khi c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ea3i h\u00f2a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng m\u00fai ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

                        Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c r\u0103ng hai h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tonn (1937) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ngang c\u00e1c r\u0103ng c\u00f9ng t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hai h\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • R\u0103ng c\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi\/r\u0103ng c\u1eeda tr\u00ean: 74%.<\/li>\n
                        • R\u0103ng nanh d\u01b0\u1edbi\/r\u0103ng nanh tr\u00ean: 87%.<\/li>\n
                        • R\u0103ng c\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean\/r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi: 96%.<\/li>\n
                        • R\u0103ng c\u1ed1i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean\/r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i l\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1edbi: 92%.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i cung r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi\/t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i cung r\u0103ng tr\u00ean: 93%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c r\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng cung h\u00e0m, Ballard (1944) nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn 90% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u0103ng gi\u1eefa hai ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng cung r\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,25 mm. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn khi \u0111o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eabu h\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9nh nha.<\/p>\n

                          \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1962, Bolton nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c r\u0103ng h\u00e0m tr\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u0103ng h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan r\u0103ng nanh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ed3ng m\u00fai r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho 6 r\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cho 12 r\u0103ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bolton 6 v\u00e0 Bolton 12 (H\u00ecnh 5).<\/p>\n

                          \"hinh-thai-rang-5\"
                          H\u00ecnh 5: T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan Bolton 2 h\u00e0m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

                          T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau:<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Khi Bolton 6 v\u00e0 12 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c r\u0103ng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ea1ng I r\u0103ng nanh l\u1eabn r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                          • Khi Bolton 6 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng Bolton 12 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t
                            \nt\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ea1ng I r\u0103ng nanh.<\/li>\n
                          • Khi Bolton 6 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng Bolton 12 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ea1ng I r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1ng I r\u0103ng nanh.<\/li>\n
                          • Khi c\u1ea3 Bolton 6 v\u00e0 Bolton 12 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ea1ng I r\u0103ng nanh v\u00e0 r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ea1ng I r\u0103ng nanh v\u00e0 r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i k\u1ebd r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang ngo\u00e0i trong c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng.
                            \nTrong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc Bolton 6, khi t\u1ed5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u0103ng 0.5mm, r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 0.4 mm, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng 0.3 mm nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton (B\u1ea3ng 1).<\/p>\n

                            \"\"
                            B\u1ea3ng 1: T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 2 h\u00e0m trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

                            Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc Bolton 12, khi t\u1ed5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u0103ng 1mm, r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 0.9 mm, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u0103ng 1mm ho\u1eb7c 0.8 mm c\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton (B\u1ea3ng 1).<\/p>\n

                            Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc loop s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o lui r\u0103ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0m tr\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi (H\u00ecnh 6).<\/p>\n

                            \"\"
                            H\u00ecnh 2.6: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton trong ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc loop.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

                            Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch loop, t\u00ednh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 6 r\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eeb \u0111i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 2 r\u0103ng nanh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc loop t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 2 r\u0103ng nanh kho\u1ea3ng 16 mm. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9nh nha, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Bolton gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c cung r\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

                            Ngu\u1ed3n: S\u00e1ch Ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng – T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, NXB Y h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cung r\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u00e0m, li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha. 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