{"id":33530,"date":"2023-05-13T07:35:41","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T00:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=33530"},"modified":"2023-05-13T23:23:09","modified_gmt":"2023-05-13T16:23:09","slug":"giai-doan-binh-minh-qua-trinh-phat-trien-nganh-chinh-nha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/13\/giai-doan-binh-minh-qua-trinh-phat-trien-nganh-chinh-nha\/","title":{"rendered":"Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh &#8211; Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nha khoa, Ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean khoa s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed ch\u1ec9nh nha t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9nh nha gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc &#8220;\u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh nha&#8221; v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nha khoa, Ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean khoa s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed ch\u1ec9nh nha t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean p hong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9nh nha gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc &#8220;\u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh nha&#8221; v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha.<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha<\/h2>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh.<br \/>\nT\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cThe surgeon dentist: A treatise on the teeth (1728)\u201d, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nha khoa, Pierre Fauchard (1678 \u2013 1761), m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i khoa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh nha khoa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha (H\u00ecnh 1).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33532\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33532\" style=\"width: 1406px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-33532 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-274.png\" alt=\"giai-doan-binh-minh-1\" width=\"1406\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-274.png 1406w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-274-300x123.png 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-274-1024x419.png 1024w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-274-768x314.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1406px) 100vw, 1406px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh 1: A, Pierre Fauchard (1678 \u2013 1761). B, Cung kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2y b\u1ea1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9nh r\u0103ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 cung kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9nh r\u0103ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c. Kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 Angle ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cung E v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh nha sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Angle v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn trong chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9nh nha hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ec9nh nha tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn trong chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Norman W. Kingsley (1829 \u2013 1913) v\u00e0 John N. Farrar (1839 \u2013 1913), trong \u0111\u00f3 Kingsley ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Angle.<\/p>\n<p>Kingsley (H\u00ecnh 2) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ec9nh nha (1858), m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh nha ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 headgear, m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33533\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33533\" style=\"width: 592px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-33533 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-275.png\" alt=\"giai-doan-binh-minh-2\" width=\"592\" height=\"657\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-275.png 592w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-275-270x300.png 270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh 2: Norman W. Kingsley (1829 &#8211; 1913).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c ra, kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i t\u1eeb khi Angle \u0111\u1ec1ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thun h\u1ea1ng II \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1947, kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay. Kingsley c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cTreatise on Oral Deformities\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1880, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh nha. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0y, Kingsley \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb ng\u00e0nh Ch\u1ec9nh nha Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<p>John N. Farrar (H\u00ecnh 3) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh nha trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb ch\u1ec9nh nha Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Kingsley.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33534\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33534\" style=\"width: 586px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-33534 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-276.png\" alt=\"giai-doan-binh-minh-3\" width=\"586\" height=\"772\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-276.png 586w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-276-228x300.png 228w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33534\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh 3: John N. Farrar (1839-1913).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00d4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb9 trong ch\u1ec9nh nha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng di chuy\u1ec3n r\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng trong chinh nha. Trong khi Kingsley ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi c\u1ee5 Headgear \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, th\u00ec Farrar ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed1c n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0m tr\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1888, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a d\u00e8 &#8220;A Treatise on the Irregularities of the Teeth and Their Corrections\u201d g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9nh nha lan to\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Y khoa. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 M\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef\u201d gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, hay \u201cRu\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh xe cao su\u201d g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xe h\u01a1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9nh nha hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Edward Angle (1855 \u2013 1930) (H\u00ecnh 4).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33535\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33535\" style=\"width: 576px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33535\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-277.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-277.png 576w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-277-221x300.png 221w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33535\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh 4: Edward Angle (1855-1930).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn trong ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh. Hai \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Angle ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay; v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb cung E v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 b\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Fauchard, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eafc c\u00e0i Edgewise (H\u00ecnh 5), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong ch\u1ec9nh nha hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33536\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33536\" style=\"width: 1392px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33536\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-278.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1392\" height=\"808\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-278.png 1392w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-278-300x174.png 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-278-1024x594.png 1024w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-278-768x446.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1392px) 100vw, 1392px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33536\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh 5: A, Cung E \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1900, l\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Fauchard. B, Kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 Pin \u2013 Tube ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb so v\u1edbi cung E. C, Cung Ribon l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1920, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 flatwise. D, M\u1eafc c\u00e0i Egdewise \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh trong ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng thay doi (ngu\u1ed3n: Haris Khan, Orthodontic Brackets: Selection, placement and debonding, 2015).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1eafc c\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc c\u00e0i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap m\u1eafc c\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1eafc c\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Angle.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9nh nha quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha, Angle c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9nh nha Hoa K\u1ef3 (American Society of Orthodontia) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1901, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i chuy\u00ean khoa s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u trong nha khoa. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cAngle Orthodontists\u201d, l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u1ee7a Angle c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Angle, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh nha nh\u01b0 Tweed, Steiner, Brodie, Broadbent &#8230; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qua \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Angle v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Angle.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Angle \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: S\u00e1ch Ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng &#8211; T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, NXB Y h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nha khoa, Ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean khoa s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed ch\u1ec9nh nha t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9nh [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh - Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. 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