{"id":33521,"date":"2023-05-13T07:19:54","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T00:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=33521"},"modified":"2023-05-13T23:25:59","modified_gmt":"2023-05-13T16:25:59","slug":"dai-cuong-ve-chinh-nha-lam-sang-va-tuong-quan-giai-phau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/13\/dai-cuong-ve-chinh-nha-lam-sang-va-tuong-quan-giai-phau\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu."},"content":{"rendered":"

Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh nha khoa Ch\u1ec9nh nha t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nhai v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng. Ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a r\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh nha.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh nha<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nha khoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhai. Ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Orthodontics v\u00e0 Dentofacial Orthopedics (ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m), v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m (xem H\u00ecnh 1), c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi (xem H\u00ecnh 2).<\/p>\n

\"ve-chinh-nha-1\"
H\u00ecnh 1: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u0103ng m\u1ecdc chen ch\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"ve-chinh-nha-2\"
H\u00ecnh 2: C\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00fan r\u0103ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi hai d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh: ch\u1ec9nh nha ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba (preventive orthodontics) nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 do th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u; hay ch\u1ec9nh nha can thi\u1ec7p (interceptive orthodontics) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u0103ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh nha s\u1edbm. Khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c sai h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh nha s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa (corrective orthodontics). Ch\u1ec9nh nha s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u0103ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh nha to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (comprehensive orthodontics).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1c r\u0103ng nghi\u00eang trong ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00fan r\u0103ng t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p implant… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh nha h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (supportive orthodontics). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t c\u00f2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p s\u1ecd-m\u1eb7t, sinh b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t, sinh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc di chuy\u1ec3n r\u0103ng…<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ebb em ch\u01b0a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb em \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ecd-m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha (xem H\u00ecnh 3).<\/p>\n

\"ve-chinh-nha-4\"
H\u00ecnh 3: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p r\u0103ng \u2013 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. a, tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh; b, tr\u1ebb 2 tu\u1ed5i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u0103ng nanh s\u1eefa \u0111ang m\u1ecdc; c, tr\u1ebb 3,5 tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng s\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t; d, tr\u1ebb 6 tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang m\u1ecdc; e, tr\u1ebb 12 tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi r\u0103ng c\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111ang m\u1ecdc; f, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 18, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nhai theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1eb3ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nhai \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u gia t\u0103ng (ngu\u1ed3n: Sadao Sato).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu<\/h2>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd v\u00e0 sai h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Enlow cho th\u1ea5y li\u00ean quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd v\u1edbi sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng II, h\u1ea1ng III. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00f3c n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd t\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd sau, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra trong sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng II. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, g\u00f3c n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd sau, x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng III. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng (H\u00ecnh 4).<\/p>\n

\"ve-chinh-nha-5\"
H\u00ecnh 4: G\u00f3c n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) l\u00e0 g\u00f3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi Basion (Ba), Sella turcica (S) v\u00e0 Nasion (Na). A, G\u00f3c n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd t\u0103ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau d\u00e0i ra, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng II. B, G\u00f3c n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau ng\u1eafn \u0111i, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng III (ngu\u1ed3n: Enlow).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Enlow ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (Broadbent, Enlow, Bell), Sato \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ecd m\u1eb7t, trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng II v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng III trong li\u00ean quan g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p s\u1ecd m\u1eb7t (H\u00ecnh 5 v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh 6).<\/p>\n

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 5: G\u00f3c n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd m\u1edf do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xoay trong kh\u1edbp b\u01b0\u1edbm ch\u1ea9m l\u00e0m quay x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u01b0\u1edbm ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eabm ra sau. X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1 m\u00eda k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u01b0\u1edbm s\u1ebd xoay tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea9y x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m tr\u00ean ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea9m xoay sau, k\u00e9o x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi lui sau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng II v\u1edbi h\u00e0m tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi lui sau (ngu\u1ed3n: Sadao Sato).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
H\u00ecnh 6: G\u00f3c n\u1ec1n s\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xoay trong kh\u1edbp b\u01b0\u1edbm ch\u1eb1m l\u00e0m quay x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u01b0\u1edbm xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eadm ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1 m\u00eda k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u01b0\u1edbm s\u1ebd xoay xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea9y x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea9m xoay tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eaby x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng III v\u1edbi h\u00e0m tr\u00ean k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc (ngu\u1ed3n: Sadao Sato).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ecd m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Broadbent, Enlow v\u00e0 Bell nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Sato \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng II v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng III b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nhai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sai h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng III v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9nh nha kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhai, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n r\u0103ng theo ba chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (xem H\u00ecnh 7), ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0m (orthognathic surgery).<\/p>\n

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 7: L\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n (H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng, nh\u00ecn nghi\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh nha li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt h\u00e0m m\u1eb7t khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Sinh b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p s\u1ecd-m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 sinh b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean r\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n r\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: S\u00e1ch Ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng – T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, NXB Y h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh nha khoa Ch\u1ec9nh nha t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nhai v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng. Ch\u1ec9nh nha c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh r\u0103ng m\u1eb7t, v\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9nh nha l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh nha.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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