{"id":32581,"date":"2023-05-09T15:01:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=32581"},"modified":"2023-05-09T15:01:43","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:01:43","slug":"danh-gia-truoc-sinh-cho-phu-nu-nhiem-hiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/09\/danh-gia-truoc-sinh-cho-phu-nu-nhiem-hiv\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV"},"content":{"rendered":"

HIV<\/a> (Human immunodeficiency virus) l\u00e0 virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Vi-r\u00fat HIV l\u00e2y lan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00e1u nhi\u1ec5m HIV, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung kim ti\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con trong thai k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c qua s\u1eefa m\u1eb9.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. H\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh s\u1eed k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang thai nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a thai nhi. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng , b\u1ec7nh lao, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (STIs), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n), t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: cocaine, heroin). Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, b\u1ecb s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ee5t c\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 thai nhi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh lao). N\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (STI) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m HIV ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u01b0a mi\u1ec7ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7y c\u00f2m) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: lo\u00e9t sinh d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebft d\u1ecbch \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o). V\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam gan si\u00eau vi, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh gan ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gan to, l\u00e1ch to, u m\u1ea1ch d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\"HIV\"
H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed HIV<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i thai<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i thai v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y d\u1ef1 sinh.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tu\u1ed5i thai c\u1ee7a thai nhi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang thai nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/a> v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c sinh con s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con.<\/p>\n

Sinh m\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u1edf tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 38 c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf virus kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (>1000 b\u1ea3n sao\/mL).\u00a0Do nhu c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ed5 s\u1edbm, theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ed5i thai nhi ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, si\u00eau \u00e2m trong ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y mang thai ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/p>\n

3. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

3.1 S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi-r\u00fat k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (ART) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi-r\u00fat \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CD4 tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (>200 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\/microL v\u00e0 >14 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m), vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang thai c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CD4 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u00e1u trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng;\u00a0tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho b\u1ec7nh pneumocystis, toxoplasmosis, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p\u00a0Mycobacterium avium<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng mang thai<\/p>\n

3.2 \u0110o t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi-r\u00fat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Axit ribonucleic HIV (RNA) trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong thai k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi-r\u00fat. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec5m HIV m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang thai, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai log sau m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n virus c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n mang thai.\u00a0Virus m\u00e1u dai d\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n t\u00e1m tu\u1ea7n sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u00e9m, HIV kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c, t\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (c\u00e1c) thu\u1ed1c do mang thai d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c,<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi-r\u00fat c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 RNA HIV cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 HIV RNA th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV, t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i) \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi r\u00fat v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thai k\u1ef3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c, thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV m\u1edbi h\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong thai k\u1ef3) n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi-r\u00fat th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n (m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n) trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi-r\u00fat b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cobicistat v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb trong thai k\u1ef3, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 vi-r\u00fat h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng trong su\u1ed1t thai k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 khi thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 34 \u0111\u1ebfn 36 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi r\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.\u00a0N\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi-r\u00fat >1000 b\u1ea3n sao\/mL khi thai g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e1ng, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed5 l\u1ea5y thai theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1 \u1edf tu\u1ea7n thai 38 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

3.3 X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang thai c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 RNA HIV cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 >500 \u0111\u1ebfn 1000 b\u1ea3n sao\/mL).\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV mang thai ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c;\u00a0ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c mu\u1ed9n, v\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi r\u00fat khi sinh.<\/p>\n

3.4 Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ART<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ART n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m HIV, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e1u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 (CBC), nit\u01a1 ur\u00ea m\u00e1u (BUN) v\u00e0 creatinine, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 sau 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc , ti\u1ec3u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 sau 6 th\u00e1ng khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9a tenofovir. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c ART, nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadn v\u00e0 gan, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh k\u00e8m theo.\u00a0Thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thai k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac sinh nh\u01b0: S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m vi\u00eam gan si\u00eau vi, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ec7nh lao, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc Toxoplasma, huy\u1ebft thanh Cytomegalovirus ,..<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) l\u00e0 virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Vi-r\u00fat HIV […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) l\u00e0 virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV - Vinmec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) l\u00e0 virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/09\/danh-gia-truoc-sinh-cho-phu-nu-nhiem-hiv\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vinmec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-09T08:01:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Thiet-ke-chua-co-ten-37-300x300.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yen Cao Thi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Yen Cao Thi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/09\/danh-gia-truoc-sinh-cho-phu-nu-nhiem-hiv\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/09\/danh-gia-truoc-sinh-cho-phu-nu-nhiem-hiv\/\",\"name\":\"\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV - 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