{"id":32338,"date":"2023-05-13T14:48:02","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T07:48:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=32338"},"modified":"2023-05-13T14:48:02","modified_gmt":"2023-05-13T07:48:02","slug":"du-phong-benh-lao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/13\/du-phong-benh-lao\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh lao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5m lao sang b\u1ec7nh lao.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh lao<\/strong><\/h1>\n

– S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00ed dung trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n do b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ho kh\u1ea1c ra v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00ed dung b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00ed dung mang vi khu\u1ea9n lao.<\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy gi\u1ea3m: HIV, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2026<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m lao v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh lao.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u00e1i l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00ed dung ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n lao.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Ngu\u1ed3n: What Is Tuberculosis: Cause, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – by Amino Science<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n lao l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh lao trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

2.1. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

– Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

+ C\u1eeda \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1m, khu ch\u1edd v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf cho th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y vi khu\u1ea9n ra ngo\u00e0i, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi vi khu\u1ea9n lao s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

+ B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo chi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3: Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

– Thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh (v\u1ec7 sinh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p) nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

+ D\u00f9ng kh\u1ea9u trang ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u0103n che mi\u1ec7ng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf), khi h\u1eaft h\u01a1i, ho.<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eddm v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c ca c\u1ed1c, b\u1ecf \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1eeda tay x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

+ L\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddm x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t, \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddm \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n

2.2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kh\u1ea9u trang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cao c\u1ea7n \u0111eo kh\u1ea9u trang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i N95 ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2.3. Gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e2y<\/strong><\/h3>\n

– C\u00e1ch ly: n\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh lao ph\u1ed5i AFB (+), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh lao \u0111a kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

– Trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1i giam, c\u01a1 s\u1edf cai nghi\u1ec7n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m r\u1ea5t cao, c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ly th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh: khi kh\u00e1m, h\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i. Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m: c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi lao (ho kh\u1ea1c) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea9u trang, gi\u1ea5y che mi\u1ec7ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn khu ch\u1edd ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1ch ly (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5m lao sang b\u1ec7nh lao<\/strong><\/h2>\n

3.1. Ti\u00eam vaccin BCG (Bacille Calmette-Gue\u0301rin) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh Ti\u00eam chu\u0309ng m\u01a1\u0309 r\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m giu\u0301p cho c\u01a1 th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u0300nh tha\u0300nh mi\u00ea\u0303n dich ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh lao khi bi \u0323nhi\u00ea\u0303m lao.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ngu\u1ed3n: Boston University<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

– Ti\u00eam \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

– Vaccin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng li\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eam vaccin BCG:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 tu\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh HIV\/AIDS<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ebb suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ea9m sinh<\/p>\n

– Nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh HIV\/AIDS<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb non thi\u1ebfu th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

– \u0110ang nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

– Sau m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec5m virus c\u00fam, s\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam: Ti\u00eam trong da<\/p>\n

– Li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 0,05mg t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1\/10ml dung d\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00eam n\u1ed5i v\u1ebft s\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 4-5mm<\/p>\n

– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00eam: v\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa 1\/3 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 2\/3 d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebfch sau c\u00e1nh tay tr\u00e1i, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 Delta<\/p>\n

Di\u00ea\u0303n bi\u00ea\u0301n: sau khoa\u0309ng 3 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 4 tu\u00e2\u0300n tai ch\u00f4\u0303 ti\u00eam s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1t s\u01b0ng nho\u0309, ro\u0300<\/p>\n

dich trong v\u00e0i tu\u00e2\u0300n r\u00f4\u0300i ki\u0301n mi\u00eang \u0111\u00f3ng va\u0309y. Khi va\u0309y rung s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf, ma\u0300u tr\u0103\u0301ng, co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 h\u01a1i lo\u0303m<\/p>\n

Bi\u00ea\u0301n ch\u01b0\u0301ng ti\u00eam BCG:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– N\u00f4\u0301t loe\u0301t to (\u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ki\u0301nh 5- 8 mm) la\u0300m mu\u0309 va\u0300 ke\u0301o da\u0300i, co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 du\u0300ng dung\u00a0 d\u1ecbch isoniazid (INH) 1% , b\u1ed9t isoniazid (INH) ho\u1eb7c \u0323 rifampicin tai ch\u00f4\u0303.<\/p>\n

– Vi\u00eam h\u1ea1ch: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi 1%, th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ean trong 6 th\u00e1ng sau ti\u00eam, s\u01b0ng h\u1ea1ch n\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2n cu\u0300ng b\u00ean ti\u00eam, h\u1ea1ch m\u1ec1m, di \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u01b0ng ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 v\u01a1\u0303, co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ro\u0300 ke\u0301o da\u0300i trong va\u0300i tha\u0301ng r\u00f4\u0300i la\u0300nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Khi h\u1ea1ch nhuy\u00ea\u0303n h\u00f3a co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 chi\u0301ch va\u0300 r\u01b0\u0309a s\u1ea1ch, r\u1eafc b\u1ed9t Isoniazid (INH) ho\u1eb7c Rifampicin t\u1ea1i ch\u00f4\u0303. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n du\u0300ng thu\u00f4\u0301c ch\u00f4\u0301ng lao \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u00a0toa\u0300n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

– \u1ede nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh BCG th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c lao h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (tr\u1eeb Pyrazinamid) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

3.2. \u0110i\u00ea\u0300u tr\u1ecb lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao<\/strong><\/h3>\n

– \u0110\u00f4\u0301i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

+ T\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i nhi\u00ea\u0303m HIV (ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i l\u01a1\u0301n) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao \u0323<\/p>\n

+ Tre\u0309 em d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i 5 tu\u00f4\u0309i v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb 0-14 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 HIV s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i b\u00eanh lao \u0323<\/p>\n

ph\u00f4\u0309i, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc lao.<\/p>\n

– Pha\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0300<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

+ Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i l\u01a1\u0301n<\/strong>: Isoniazid (INH) li\u00ea\u0300u du\u0300ng 300 mg\/nga\u0300y, u\u00f4\u0301ng m\u00f4t l\u1ea7n ha\u0300ng nga\u0300y trong 9 tha\u0301ng, ph\u00f4\u0301i h\u01a1p Vitamin B6 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 25mg h\u1eb1ng nga\u0300y.<\/p>\n

+ Tre\u0309 em<\/strong>: Isoniazid (INH) li\u00ea\u0300u du\u0300ng 10 mg\/kg\/nga\u0300y, u\u00f4\u0301ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eefa \u0103n 1 gi\u1edd), u\u1ed1ng ha\u0300ng nga\u0300y trong 6 tha\u0301ng (t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 180 li\u1ec1u INH).<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ngu\u1ed3n: Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf 2020<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb em<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP cho tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 9H.<\/li>\n
  • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ART c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP (Rifampin ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai v\u00e0 cho con b\u00fa<\/strong>: \u01afu ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 9H cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai v\u00e0 cho con b\u00fa.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh mang thai trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam 10-25 mg\/ng\u00e0y pyridoxin (vitamin B6)<\/li>\n
    • L\u01b0\u1ee3ng INH qua s\u1eefa m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai v\u00e0 m\u1edbi sinh ( 2-3 th\u00e1ng sau sinh) n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      – Theo do\u0303i \u0111a\u0301nh gia\u0301<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn<\/strong>: C\u00e2\u0301p thu\u00f4\u0301c ha\u0300ng tha\u0301ng va\u0300 \u0111a\u0301nh gia\u0301 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c \u00edt nh\u00e2\u0301t 01 tha\u0301ng\/l\u00e2\u0300n. N\u00ea\u0301u ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecf tr\u1ecb, s\u1ed1 li\u00ea\u0300u bo\u0309 tr\u1ecb \u00edt h\u01a1n 50% t\u00f4\u0309ng li\u00ea\u0300u thi\u0300 co\u0301 \u00a0th\u00ea\u0309 b\u00f4\u0309 sung cho \u0111u\u0309. N\u00ea\u0301u s\u00f4\u0301 li\u00ea\u0300u bo\u0309 qua\u0301 50% t\u00f4\u0309ng li\u00ea\u0300u thi\u0300 n\u00ean b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2\u0300u sau bo\u0309 tri \u0323<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      + T\u00e1i kh\u00e1m 1l\u1ea7n\/th\u00e1ng. Khi t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0<\/p>\n

      t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c lao nh\u01b0: v\u00e0ng da, v\u00e0ng m\u1eaft,\u2026<\/p>\n

      + \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb theo c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

      + N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nghi lao trong khi \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ebb l\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn qu\u1eadn\/huy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh lao. N\u1ebfu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc lao, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      + N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean 2 th\u00e1ng, mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

      – Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 6H<\/strong>: u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 180 li\u1ec1u INH trong 6 th\u00e1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 9 th\u00e1ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb (trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb qu\u00e1 8 tu\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 9H<\/strong>: u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 270 li\u1ec1u INH t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb (trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb qu\u00e1 8 tu\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP<\/strong>: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 12 li\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi gian 3 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

      – Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 Isoniazid<\/strong>: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecf u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 8 tu\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c trong th\u1eddi gian 9 th\u00e1ng k\u1ebb t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 180 li\u1ec1u INH (v\u1edbi ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 6H) ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 270 li\u1ec1u INH (v\u1edbi ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 9H)<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 12 li\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi gian 3 th\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

      – Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 Isoniazid<\/strong>: Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi 8 tu\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp; \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean 8 tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 3HP<\/strong>: ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

      – Ta\u0301c dung ph\u1ee5<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      + Nh\u1eb9: \u0323 vi\u00eam th\u00e2\u0300n kinh ngoai vi. X\u1eed tr\u00ed \u00a0b\u0103\u0300ng vitamin B6 li\u00ea\u0300u l\u01b0\u01a1ng 100mg\/nga\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

      + N\u1eb7ng: t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan (va\u0300ng da, cha\u0301n \u0103n, men gan t\u0103ng cao). X\u01b0\u0309 tri\u0301: ng\u01b0\u0300ng INH va\u0300 chuy\u00ea\u0309n \u0111\u00ea\u0301n ca\u0301c c\u01a1 s\u01a1\u0309 y t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

      Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong>: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf 2020<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      usechatgpt init success<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh lao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. 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