{"id":31790,"date":"2023-05-13T14:49:07","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T07:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=31790"},"modified":"2023-05-14T18:06:01","modified_gmt":"2023-05-14T11:06:01","slug":"du-phong-tran-khi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/13\/du-phong-tran-khi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i hay c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y d\u00ednh l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh va n\u1ed9i soi l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><strong>1. \u0110\u1ea0I C\u01af\u01a0NG<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i (TKMP) l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb TKMP bao g\u1ed3m h\u00fat h\u1ebft kh\u00ed trong khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng TKMP t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t TKMP:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; G\u00e2y d\u00ednh l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng MP b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u01a1m dung d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y d\u00ednh qua d\u1eabn l\u01b0u MP, ho\u1eb7c phun b\u1ed9t talc, ch\u00e0 s\u00e1t MP qua n\u1ed9i soi MP.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ed9i soi l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edf ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t, th\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng MP, c\u1eaft b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh MP.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; TKMP \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fat d\u1eabn l\u01b0u 5 ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; TKMP t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; TKMP th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nh\u01b0: BPTNMT, x\u01a1 ph\u1ed5i, k\u00e9n kh\u00ed ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; TKMP c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p: phi c\u00f4ng, th\u1ee3 l\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3. Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 prothrombin &lt; 60% v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u &lt; 60 G\/l.<\/p>\n<p>+ R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng: huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u0111a &lt; 90 mmHg v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecbp tim nhanh &gt; 100 ck\/ph.<\/p>\n<p>+ Suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p: PaO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0&lt; 60 mmHg v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c SpO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0&lt; 90%.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1ec7nh to\u00e0n th\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng, th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng suy ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u00e2y d\u00ednh MP.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i: g\u00e2y d\u00ednh MP v\u1edbi iodopovodon cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31791\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31791\" style=\"width: 746px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-31791 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"746\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/12.png 746w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/12-300x210.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31791\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ngu\u1ed3n: Research Gate<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>4. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>4.1. G\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i qua d\u1eabn l\u01b0u<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i qua d\u1eabn l\u01b0u v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t talc ho\u1eb7c iodopovidon.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1eabn l\u01b0u m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u01a1m qua \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong khoang MP, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u00e2y d\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ Phim X-quang ph\u1ed5i, ch\u1ee5p CLVT ng\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u: c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, HIV, HBsAg.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0102n nh\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au 15 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1eed ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lidocain 2%.<\/p>\n<p>+ N\u1ebfu g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng iodopovidon c\u1ea7n th\u1eed ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hormon tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u01b0 th\u1ebf BN n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda, tay ph\u00eda b\u00ean g\u00e2y d\u00ednh MP gi\u01a1 cao l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. BN kh\u00f3 th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00f4m gh\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ Thu\u1ed1c: natriclorua 0,9%: 250 ml, lidocain 2% \u1ed1ng 2 ml: 10 \u1ed1ng, atropin 1\/4 mg: 2 \u1ed1ng, paracetamol 1 g x 1 l\u1ecd, piroxicam 20mg x 2 \u1ed1ng, methylprednisolon 40 mg x 2 l\u1ecd, iodopovidon 10%: l\u1ecd 125 ml, b\u1ed9t talc y t\u1ebf v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n: 5-10 gram.<\/p>\n<p>+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: h\u1ed9p ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c, g\u0103ng v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng, g\u0103ng s\u1ea1ch, g\u1ea1c, c\u1ed3n iod 1,5%, c\u1ed3n tr\u1eafng 70<sup>o<\/sup>, b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u, b\u01a1m \u0103n 50 ml, b\u01a1m ti\u00eam 50 ml, b\u01a1m 20 ml.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* B\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c tai bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi g\u00e2y d\u00ednh MP, cho k\u00fd cam \u0111oan l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn BN c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 th\u1ebf sau khi g\u00e2y d\u00ednh MP \u0111\u1ec3 dung d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y d\u00ednh l\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7t d\u1eabn l\u01b0u m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n<p>+ Ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn l\u01b0u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TKMP \u00edt: khoang li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn 2 ho\u1eb7c 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<li>TKMP nhi\u1ec1u: khoang li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn 3 ho\u1eb7c 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ S\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn l\u01b0u: s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng (50 cm) v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1eabn l\u01b0u m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i 2 l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n iod 1,5% v\u00e0 1 l\u1ea7n c\u1ed3n tr\u1eafng 700.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tr\u1ea3i s\u0103ng v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n l\u00ean ng\u1ef1c BN, b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1eabn l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>+ G\u00e2y t\u00ea t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 t\u1eebng l\u1edbp t\u1eeb da \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh MP b\u1eb1ng lidocain 2%.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eabn l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u1ea1ch da d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u v\u00e0 th\u00eam 0,5 cm.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p cong kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5u, t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7n qua c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi da, c\u00e2n, c\u01a1 li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn. \u0110\u1ea7u k\u1eb9p lu\u00f4n \u0111i s\u00e1t b\u1edd tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n kinh li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/li>\n<li>Khi k\u1eb9p xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e0nh ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0o khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, d\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p th\u1eb3ng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0a qua l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch v\u00e0o khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb sau ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u trong khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 8-10 cm.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u MP v\u00e0o da b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e2u ch\u1eef U, kh\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eaft l\u1ea1i sau khi r\u00fat d\u1eabn l\u01b0u. N\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 h\u00fat d\u1eabn l\u01b0u k\u00edn 1 chi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ H\u00fat \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00e2m khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i: \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u00fat -15 \u0111\u1ebfn -20 cm H2O. TKMP to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u00ean h\u00fat \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00e2m sau 3 gi\u1edd, t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u00fat v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au ng\u1ef1c, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch, kh\u00ed ra qua d\u1eabn l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhu m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i n\u1edf t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 ph\u1ed5i do h\u00fat \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; G\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i v\u1edbi iodopovidon (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t talc).<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i d\u1eabn l\u01b0u (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u01a1m dung d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y d\u00ednh qua) ch\u00ecm trong dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ed3n iod 1,5% \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>+ Pha 40 ml iodopovidone 10% + 60 ml natriclorua 0,9% + 10 ml lidocain 2% v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y d\u00ednh. (N\u1ebfu g\u00e2y d\u00ednh v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t talc pha 5g talc + 100 ml natriclorua 0,9%).<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u01a1m dung d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y d\u00ednh qua \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u v\u00e0o khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>+ K\u1eb9p d\u1eabn l\u01b0u trong 2 gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, \u0111au ng\u1ef1c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf k\u1eb9p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u00fat d\u1eabn l\u01b0u ngay.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang, n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda, n\u1eb1m x\u1ea5p (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) m\u1ed7i 15 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u00e1o k\u1eb9p d\u1eabn l\u01b0u sau 2 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u00fat li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c -15 \u0111\u1ebfn -20 cm H<sup>2<\/sup>O.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Theo d\u00f5i sau g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i qua d\u1eabn l\u01b0u<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: \u0111au ng\u1ef1c, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, m\u1ea1ch, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>+ L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch d\u1eabn l\u01b0u, kh\u00ed trong b\u00ecnh d\u1eabn l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i d\u1eabn l\u01b0u, ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>+ TKMP: ch\u1ee5p X-quang ph\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ebfu h\u1ebft kh\u00ed: k\u1eb9p d\u1eabn l\u01b0u, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i X-quang ph\u1ed5i sau 24 gi\u1edd, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 TKMP t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t: r\u00fat d\u1eabn l\u01b0u MP.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n TKMP: x\u00e9t g\u00e2y d\u00ednh b\u1ed5 sung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>4.2. N\u1ed9i soi m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i g\u00e2y d\u00ednh v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t talc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><em>* Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb BN<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ BN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i soi m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i (NSMP).<\/p>\n<p>+ BN vi\u1ebft cam \u0111oan \u0111\u1ec3 NSMP.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u1ed1i h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc NSMP \u0103n nh\u1eb9, s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y NSMP nh\u1ecbn \u0103n.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ Trang b\u1ecb m\u0169, \u00e1o, kh\u1ea9u trang nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 NSMP:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i soi n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh: hai \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean soi 00 v\u00e0 500.<\/li>\n<li>Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh n\u1ed9i soi.<\/li>\n<li>Camera.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 can thi\u1ec7p trong khi NSMP:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u00ecm sinh thi\u1ebft MP l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh, k\u00ecm c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec7n qua n\u1ed9i soi.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u01a1m b\u1ed9t talc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 b\u01a1m b\u1ed9t talc g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng phun m\u00f9.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9t talc v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1eabn l\u01b0u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u khoang MP b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u k\u00edn, h\u00fat \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y m\u00ea n\u1ed9i kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i m\u1ea1ch, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, nh\u1ecbp th\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a oxy m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0\u1ee1i dao m\u1ed5, b\u01a1m, kim ti\u00eam, trocar lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 8 v\u00e0 10 mm.<\/li>\n<li>Lam k\u00ednh s\u1ea1ch, dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m (d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sinh thi\u1ebft).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c: thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea, thu\u1ed1c t\u00ea lidocain 2%, lidocain 5%, thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u, morphin, atropin, methylprednisolon.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i soi m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ BN n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n 2 n\u00f2ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m x\u1eb9p b\u00ean ph\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n soi (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y t\u00ea t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 d\u00f9ng lidocain 1% g\u00e2y t\u00ea t\u1eebng l\u1edbp sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t BN n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang).<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1eb7t BN n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang sang b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n, b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n cong sao cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e3n t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c khoang li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/p>\n<p>+ X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ed7 m\u1edf MP: t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed, tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh can thi\u1ec7p, tuy nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ed7 m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1ed7 m\u1edf 1: khoang li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn 4, 5 ho\u1eb7c 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ed7 m\u1edf 2: khoang li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn 6, 7, 8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e1ch sau.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ed7 m\u1edf 3: sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhu m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i d\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ S\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n iod 1,5%, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n 70<sup>o<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>+ Tr\u1ea3i kh\u0103n m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a \u1ed1ng soi v\u00e0o khoang MP.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ch\u1ecdc th\u0103m d\u00f2 khoang MP.<\/p>\n<p>+ R\u1ea1ch da, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi da d\u1ecdc theo khoang li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u00e0i 1,5 cm s\u00e1t b\u1edd tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch c\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng k\u00ecm cong qua t\u1eebng l\u1edbp t\u1edbi l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh MP.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u01b0a troca s\u00e1t b\u1edd tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0o khoang MP.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u01b0a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh n\u1ed9i soi qua troca v\u00e0o khoang MP \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nhu m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i: thu\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u00e1y, ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00eda sau.<\/li>\n<li>Quan s\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khoang MP: l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh, l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng, v\u00f9ng r\u00e3nh li\u00ean th\u00f9y, t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 r\u00e1ch tr\u00ean MP, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh ng\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y d\u00ednh MP qua NSMP: b\u01a1m 5 &#8211; 10 g b\u1ed9t talc y t\u1ebf v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng d\u1ea1ng phun m\u00f9 v\u00e0o khoang MP. B\u01a1m theo nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 MP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ed9t talc m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u MP: th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u1ed7 m\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1ef1c ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean. Kh\u00e2u, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h-\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a BN. N\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u k\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ean ph\u1ed5i can thi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra qua \u1ed1ng soi.<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u0103ng \u00e9p v\u1ebft m\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ra ph\u00f2ng h\u1eadu ph\u1eabu, \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i cao.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u00fat d\u1eabn l\u01b0u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c sau 2 gi\u1edd v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c -15 \u0111\u1ebfn -20 cmH<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>* Theo d\u00f5i sau n\u1ed9i soi m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ Theo d\u00f5i to\u00e0n tr\u1ea1ng: m\u1ea1ch, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, nh\u1ecbp th\u1edf, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>+ L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch d\u1eabn l\u01b0u, kh\u00ed trong b\u00ecnh d\u1eabn l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i d\u1eabn l\u01b0u, ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ch\u1ee5p X-quang ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed, tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 b\u1ed9t talc \u1edf MP.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ebfu h\u1ebft kh\u00ed, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u1eb9p \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i X-quang ph\u1ed5i sau 24 gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 TKMP: r\u00fat d\u1eabn l\u01b0u MP.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n TKMP: x\u00e9t g\u00e2y d\u00ednh b\u1ed5 sung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ G\u00e2y d\u00ednh b\u1ed5 sung sau NSMP b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t talc d\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 d\u1ecbch, ho\u1eb7c iodopovidon b\u01a1m qua \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00e1c BN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng .<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4.3. N\u1ed9i soi l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edf ng\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t, th\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng MP, c\u1eaft b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh MP.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>5. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a g\u00e2y d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00f9 ph\u1ed5i c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong> H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf 2012<\/p>\n<div id=\"USE_CHAT_GPT_AI_ROOT\" style=\"display: none; z-index: -1; position: absolute; top: -10000px; left: -10000px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none;\">usechatgpt init success<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i hay c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. 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