{"id":31177,"date":"2023-05-05T09:28:27","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T02:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=31177"},"modified":"2023-05-05T10:14:32","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T03:14:32","slug":"nhiem-trung-nha-chu-va-benh-li-phoi-tac-nghen-man-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/05\/nhiem-trung-nha-chu-va-benh-li-phoi-tac-nghen-man-tinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00ed ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eed vong tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a COPD. Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nha chu v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn COPD l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu \u0111\u1ebfn COPD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nha chu v\u00e0 COPD.<\/h5>\n<h4>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD):<\/h4>\n<h5>1.1. B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/20\/phan-biet-copd-va-benh-hen-phe-quan\/\">B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD)<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 hen suy\u1ec5n m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb. COPD g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ho.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/vinmec-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/20190612_094119_676751_COPD.max-1800x1800.jpg\" alt=\"B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh\" width=\"750\" height=\"450\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>1.2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD):<\/h5>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a COPD l\u00e0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 80-90% c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p COPD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n COPD. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n COPD.<\/p>\n<h5>1.3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD):<\/h5>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a COPD bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, ho k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1eddm, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau tu\u1ed5i 40 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn COPD:<\/h4>\n<h5>2.1. Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h5>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt trong mi\u1ec7ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m k\u1ecb kh\u00ed,&#8230; , s\u1ed1ng trong khoang mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m nha chu, lo\u00e9t mi\u1ec7ng, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u n\u01b0\u1edbu,&#8230;.<\/p>\n<h5>2.2. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu \u0111\u1ebfn COPD:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a COPD, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam trong ph\u1ed5i. Khi vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nha chu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 trong ph\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c MMP, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i enzyme protease. C\u00e1c MMP c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ma tr\u1eadn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 trong ph\u1ed5i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a COPD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.3. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5i do nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Khi nha chu x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y vi\u00eam nh\u01b0 histamin, cytokine v\u00e0 chemokine. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t MMP v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Nha chu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 trong ph\u1ed5i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c cytokine, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 trong ph\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb COPD do nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu:<\/h4>\n<h5>3.1. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba COPD v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Ng\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a COPD.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3.2. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb COPD li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam trong ph\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f3 th\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3.3. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nha chu:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn COPD.<\/li>\n<li class=\"Markdown_listItem__gf_4O\">\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nha chu \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn COPD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h4>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a COPD th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t MMP. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nha chu \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb COPD li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nha chu. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba COPD v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb COPD li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nha chu c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb COPD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eed vong tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 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