{"id":3095,"date":"2023-04-14T21:19:21","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T14:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=3095"},"modified":"2023-04-17T15:19:10","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T08:19:10","slug":"ung-dung-ncbi-blast-trong-nghien-cuu-benh-di-truyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/14\/ung-dung-ncbi-blast-trong-nghien-cuu-benh-di-truyen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng NCBI BLAST trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>NCBI BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong y sinh h\u1ecdc di truy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i DNA ho\u1eb7c protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a NCBI. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 gen. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh Huntington, Tay-Sachs, Thalassemia, Cystic fibrosis v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen ho\u1eb7c protein.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 NCBI BLAST<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Blast.cgi\">NCBI BLAST<\/a> (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong y sinh h\u1ecdc di truy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i DNA ho\u1eb7c protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3110\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3110\" style=\"width: 209px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3110 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/blast-logo.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 NCBI BLAST h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tra c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n\" width=\"209\" height=\"147\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 NCBI BLAST<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, NCBI BLAST c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gene ho\u1eb7c protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/strong> NCBI BLAST c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gene ho\u1eb7c protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i DNA ho\u1eb7c protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gene ho\u1eb7c protein ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gen ho\u1eb7c protein li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein:<\/strong> NCBI BLAST c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism):<\/strong> NCBI BLAST c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c SNP, c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n nucleotide trong DNA, trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gen c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 gen (genome):<\/strong> NCBI BLAST c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a genome, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NCBI BLAST h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/h4>\n<p>NCBI BLAST l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen v\u00e0 protein, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen ho\u1eb7c protein. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 NCBI BLAST c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Huntington:<\/strong> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i protein huntingtin, m\u1ed9t protein b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i trong b\u1ec7nh Huntington.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Tay-Sachs: <\/strong>t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen HEXA, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho enzyme hexosaminidase A, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh Tay-Sachs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh\u00a0Leukemia: <\/strong>t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 GATA1, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean m\u00e3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Thalassemia<\/strong>: t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen HBB, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho protein globin beta, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh thalassemia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Gaucher:<\/strong> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen GBA, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh Gaucher.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Fabry:<\/strong> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen GLA, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh Fabry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Marfan:<\/strong> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen FBN1, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho protein fibrillin-1, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh Marfan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Cystic fibrosis: <\/strong>t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen CFTR, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh Cystic fibrosis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Pompe:<\/strong> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen GAA, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho enzyme alpha-glucosidase, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh Pompe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh Niemann-Pick:<\/strong> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i gen NPC1 ho\u1eb7c NPC2, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c protein li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 m\u1ee1, b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh Niemann-Pick.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3111\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3111\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3111 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NCBI_LibGuide_12.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a NCBI BLAST\" width=\"750\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NCBI_LibGuide_12.jpg 750w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NCBI_LibGuide_12-300x155.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3111\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a NCBI BLAST<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>3. C\u00e1ch tra c\u1ee9u NCBI BLAST<\/h4>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u NCBI blast v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang web c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/\">NCBI<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn &#8220;BLAST&#8221; t\u1eeb menu &#8220;Programs&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch (t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chu\u1ed7i protein ho\u1eb7c DNA).<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eadp chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u &#8220;RefSeqGene&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat &#8220;BLAST&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u chu\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NCBI hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 NCBI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gen v\u00e0 protein c\u1ee7a NCBI, nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>GenBank:<\/strong> c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>dbSNP:<\/strong> c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omim.org\/\">OMIM<\/a> <\/strong>(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ClinVar:<\/strong> c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MedGen:<\/strong> c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>NCBI BLAST l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong y sinh h\u1ecdc di truy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gen v\u00e0 protein li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gen v\u00e0 protein li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NCBI BLAST \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCBI BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong y sinh h\u1ecdc di truy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i DNA ho\u1eb7c protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a NCBI. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gen ho\u1eb7c protein, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33,14],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng NCBI BLAST trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"NCBI BLAST l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen ho\u1eb7c protein\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng NCBI BLAST trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n - 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