{"id":30701,"date":"2023-06-22T15:06:37","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T08:06:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=30701"},"modified":"2023-06-22T15:06:37","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T08:06:37","slug":"lenacapavir-thuoc-uc-che-capsid-dau-tien-trong-dieu-tri-hiv-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/06\/22\/lenacapavir-thuoc-uc-che-capsid-dau-tien-trong-dieu-tri-hiv-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Lenacapavir: thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf capsid \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1"},"content":{"rendered":"

HIV-1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng virus g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho HIV-1. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng y t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Lenacapavir – thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf capsid \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 HIV\/ AIDS<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1.1 HIV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h3>\n

HIV<\/a> (virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu HIV kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0 AIDS (h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i). Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u, kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tinh tinh \u1edf Trung Phi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2y t\u1eeb tinh tinh sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, HIV d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 lan sang c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Virus n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Virus
Virus HIV-1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.2 C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng khi nhi\u1ec5m HIV?<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00fam trong v\u00f2ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 tu\u1ea7n sau khi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Tri\u1ec7u
Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng HIV-1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.3 C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec5m HIV?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea3i qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 (AIDS) ng\u00e0y nay \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh HIV<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh<\/span><\/td>\nL\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn virus HIV trong m\u00e1u, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y lan\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00fam\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Nhi\u1ec5m HIV m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \/ ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Virus HIV ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sinh s\u1ea3n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Virus HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i (AIDS)<\/span><\/td>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus HIV trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cao v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(c\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u00ean vi\u1ec1n b\u1ea3ng n\u00e8 – t\u1ea1i b\u00ean preview s\u1ee3 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u00ec \u00ed)<\/p>\n

1.4 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus HIV?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HIV) tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i HIV: HIV-1 v\u00e0 HIV-2. HIV-1 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 95% ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. HIV-1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i retrovirus c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb tinh tinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 4 nh\u00f3m HIV-1: M, N, O v\u00e0 P. Nh\u00f3m M l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh 9 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5. Trong \u0111\u00f3, lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 B l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV-1, virus b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 CD4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1.5 HIV-1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n HIV-1 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1eabu m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch \u1edf c\u00e1nh tay ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft ch\u00edch \u1edf ng\u00f3n tay<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3<\/span><\/li>\n
  • X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean \/ kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3: t\u00ecm kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng HIV (protein virus p24)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Acid nucleic (NAT)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    1.6 Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra HIV-1?<\/span><\/h3>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n HIV-1 bao g\u1ed3m: m\u00e1u, tinh d\u1ecbch, d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc tinh d\u1ecbch, d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, d\u1ecbch \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1eefa m\u1eb9<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV-1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay, quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c sang thai nhi ho\u1eb7c cho con b\u00fa<\/span><\/p>\n

    2.T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chung v\u1ec1 Lenacapavir<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t Sunlenca (Lenacapavir), m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng virus d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1eafc virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i 1 (HIV-1). Sunlenca l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf capsid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c FDA ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1. T\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Sunlenca \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u1edbi 72 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus cao trong m\u00e1u m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng virus. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi danh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong hai nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn Sunlenca ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c theo ki\u1ec3u m\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m virus nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong 14 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y, 87,5% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng Sunlenca \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m virus so v\u1edbi 16,7% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"Lenacapavir
    Lenacapavir (Sunlenca)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    2.1 Nh\u00f3m d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Lenacapavir l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf capsid \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1. Lenacapavir k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng virus kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c lo\u1ea1i 1 (HIV-1) \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng dung n\u1ea1p thu\u1ed1c<\/span><\/p>\n

    2.2 C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    HIV-1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau trong chu k\u1ef3 sao ch\u00e9p, bao g\u1ed3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n, sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p virion. Sau s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7, capsid c\u1ee7a virus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7. Capsid bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 250 hexamer v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 12 pentamer, m\u1ed7i pentamer bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c protein capsid \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n (CA).\u00a0 M\u1ed7i monome CA bao g\u1ed3m hai mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i N v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i C (NTD\/CTD) v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a virus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a HIV-1, capsid s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7 nh\u00e2n (NPC). Hai protein ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n capsid li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi capsid, c\u1ea3 hai protein li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00fai li\u00ean k\u1ebft phenylalanine-glycine gi\u1eefa NTD v\u00e0 CTD c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n CA l\u00e2n c\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p CA \u0111a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Lenacapavir ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng difluorobenzyl v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hexamer CA. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa capsid v\u1edbi CPSF6 v\u00e0 Nup153 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, Lenacapavir \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n virus trong khi \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n c\u00f2n \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p DNA c\u1ee7a virus v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/p>\n

    2.3 D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    H\u1ea5p thu: Sau khi ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi da, Lenacapavir \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau 84 ng\u00e0y d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c. Sinh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i sau khi u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 6 \u2013 10%. Tmax sau u\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 4 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 Cmax l\u00e0 97,2 ng\/mL \u1edf c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi da<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1: Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 (Vd) l\u00e0 976L \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m HIV-1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Lenacapavir li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi protein huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 99,8%<\/span><\/p>\n

    Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a: Lenacapavir \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxy h\u00f3a qua enzyme CYP3A4 v\u00e0 UGT1A1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh N-dealkyl h\u00f3a, hydro h\u00f3a, th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n amit, glucuronid h\u00f3a, li\u00ean h\u1ee3p hexose, li\u00ean h\u1ee3p pentose v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p glutathione<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb: 76% li\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n Lenacapavir \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb qua ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 < 1% qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian b\u00e1n h\u1ee7y (T1\/2) t\u1eeb 10 \u2013 12 ng\u00e0y sau khi u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 8 \u2013 12 tu\u1ea7n sau ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi da. \u0110\u1ed9 thanh th\u1ea3i (Cl) Lenacapavir l\u00e0 3,62L\/gi\u1edd \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m HIV-1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/p>\n

    2.4 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Lenacapavir c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ti\u00eam: \u0111au, ng\u1ee9a, s\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111au ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, ng\u1ee9a, da c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf<\/span><\/p>\n

    3.K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn Lenacapavir l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf capsid \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c HIV-1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, Lenacapavir c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 virus HIV-1 trong huy\u1ebft thanh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a HIV-1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb m\u1eafc HIV-1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    HIV-1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng virus g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nLenacapavir: thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf capsid \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV-1 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng y t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Lenacapavir\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta 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