{"id":29867,"date":"2023-05-04T17:23:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T10:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=29867"},"modified":"2023-05-04T17:23:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-04T10:23:12","slug":"thang-diem-akin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/04\/thang-diem-akin\/","title":{"rendered":"Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN trong t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadn c\u1ea5p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadn c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 creatinine huy\u1ebft thanh v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng. Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c B\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><strong>1. T\u1ed5ng quan.<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2005, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1edf Amsterdam, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Acute Kidney Injury Network\u00a0 (AKIN) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 AKI bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa th\u1eadn, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00e1c chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 AKI. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2007 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Critical Care, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i RIFLE v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n AKI ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 sau khi lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SCr ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i GFR.<\/li>\n<li>SCr n\u1ec1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN v\u00e0 n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb SCr thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 48 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<li>AKI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t (trong 48 gi\u1edd) ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng SCr tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 26.5 \u03bcmol\/L (0.3 mg\/dL) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a SCr \u226550% (1.5\u00d7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb), ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u (thi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn &lt;0.5 mL\/kg\/h trong h\u01a1n 6 gi\u1edd).<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Risk, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a SCr \u226526.5 \u03bcmol\/L (0.3 mg\/dL).<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 v\u00e0 3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Injury v\u00e0 Failure.<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn (RRT) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi SCr v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u) \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u RRT; (hai ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Loss of kidney function v\u00e0 End stage kidney disease) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng qua c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a SCr c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u RRT \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i RIFLE, cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng AKI \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc AKI c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian n\u1eb1m vi\u1ec7n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau AKI c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29869\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29869\" style=\"width: 867px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-29869 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/6-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"867\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/6-4.png 867w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/6-4-300x171.png 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/6-4-768x438.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 867px) 100vw, 867px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29869\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ngu\u1ed3n: Alex Yartsev, \u201cThe AKIN classification system\u201d, Renal Failure and Dialysis, 2015.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>2.1. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a AKI ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hydrat h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 RIFLE.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SCr ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a eGFR.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n SCr n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh AKI, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 l\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh SCr trong v\u00f2ng 48 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>2.2. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh AKI khi \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng SCr x\u1ea3y ra khi th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n 48 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<li>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i AKIN bao g\u1ed3m 3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ( Creatinine, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 RRT), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac RRT c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c RRT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>3. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong c\u1ea3 thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN v\u00e0 thang \u0111i\u1ec3m RIFLE<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng suy th\u1eadn khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed creatinine (GFR) v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m &#8220;Risk&#8221; (ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1&#8221;) theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed creatinine b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 6 v\u00e0 gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 12. Tuy nhi\u00ean,\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u, DI, v.v. t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i &#8220;Risk&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ti\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u1eafp ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm ho\u1eb7c ga tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed &#8220;Risk&#8221; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi creatinine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u eGFR th\u1ef1c, thay v\u00ec eGFR \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh: vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng eGFR v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh MDRD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n eGFR ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau; s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: suy th\u1eadn do m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi vi\u00eam th\u1eadn lupus).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio Lopes, Sofia Jorge, \u201cThe RIFLE and AKIN classifications for acute kidney injury: a critical and comprehensive review\u201d, Clinical Kidney Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2013, Pages 8\u201314.<\/p>\n<p>Alex Yartsev, \u201cThe AKIN classification system\u201d, Renal Failure and Dialysis, 2015.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadn c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 creatinine huy\u1ebft thanh v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[29,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN trong t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadn c\u1ea5p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadn c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 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