{"id":29739,"date":"2023-05-02T14:41:30","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T07:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=29739"},"modified":"2023-05-05T09:02:20","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T02:02:20","slug":"loi-ban-do-theo-dong-ke-trieu-chung-va-dieu-tri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/05\/02\/loi-ban-do-theo-dong-ke-trieu-chung-va-dieu-tri\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb &#8211; tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>L\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong mi\u1ec7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh, corticoid ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111au r\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/h5>\n<h4>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u00eanh l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb:<\/h4>\n<h5>1.1. L\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h5>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong mi\u1ec7ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo l\u01b0\u1ee1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m Candida, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng trong mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 674px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net\/815284765c3701a7b692d1da5d86e37cb37d8d8c\/2-Figure1-1.png\" alt=\"l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb\" width=\"674\" height=\"484\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>1.2. T\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb:<\/h5>\n<p>B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh, corticoid ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 stress, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, thi\u1ebfu ng\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<h5>1.3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb:<\/h5>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Candida trong mi\u1ec7ng, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong mi\u1ec7ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo l\u01b0\u1ee1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV, nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m Candida trong mi\u1ec7ng c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb:<\/h4>\n<p>B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo l\u01b0\u1ee1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110au r\u00e1t mi\u1ec7ng: B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au r\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu trong mi\u1ec7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0103n ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t: N\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi nu\u1ed1t th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u00f3 m\u00f9i: Vi khu\u1ea9n Candida ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u00f9i h\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00f9ng da bong tr\u00f3c: N\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng da c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bong tr\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t, g\u00e2y ra \u0111au r\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u khi th\u0103m kh\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV:<\/h4>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc HIV c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m Candida trong mi\u1ec7ng, bao g\u1ed3m Candida albicans &#8211; lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV, khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n. Do \u0111\u00f3, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n <a href=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/22\/apretude-giai-phap-moi-cho-viec-ngan-ngua-hiv\/\">HIV<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u00a0Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb:<\/h4>\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<h5>4.1.T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec7 sinh mi\u1ec7ng, l\u1ea5y cao r\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng chlorhexidine 0,12%:<\/h5>\n<p>V\u1ec7 sinh mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ea3i r\u0103ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 t\u01a1 (dental floss) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa k\u1ebd c\u00e1c r\u0103ng v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng 2 l\u1ea7n\/ng\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111i kh\u00e1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u1edbi nha s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m tr\u00ean r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h5>4.2.S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m:<\/h5>\n<p>Do b\u1ec7nh ban \u0111\u1ecf d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m Candida. N\u00ean ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 miconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin ho\u1eb7c fluconazole \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c nha s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h5>4.3. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch:<\/h5>\n<p>H\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0103n u\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m stress s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n<h5>4.4. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u:<\/h5>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, tr\u00e1nh u\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<h5>4.5. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1ec1n:<\/h5>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd gan, b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<h4>5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h4>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh mi\u1ec7ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n HIV, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c nha s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1ee3i ban \u0111\u1ecf theo d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong mi\u1ec7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh, corticoid ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. 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