{"id":2870,"date":"2023-04-09T20:49:53","date_gmt":"2023-04-09T13:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=2870"},"modified":"2023-04-14T21:37:16","modified_gmt":"2023-04-14T14:37:16","slug":"hinh-anh-ton-thuong-day-chang-cheo-sau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/09\/hinh-anh-ton-thuong-day-chang-cheo-sau\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb Xquang, si\u00eau \u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eaft l\u1edbp vi t\u00ednh, c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: PGS.TS. Tr\u1ea7n Trung D\u0169ng -TS. \u0110\u1ed7 V\u0103n Minh<\/p>\n

N\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: 2016<\/p>\n

1. Ch\u1ee5p X-quang th\u01b0\u1eddng quy<\/h2>\n

X-quang (XQ) kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i. \u1ede ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3c sau ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xoay ra sau ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1eb9o trong kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i trong khi \u0111i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a chi d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3c sau ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1eb9o trong c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3c sau ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ee5c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eeda tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1edfi t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a chi d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eb9o trong kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3c sau ngo\u00e0i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chi d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh XQ c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS <\/span>m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh ch\u1ee5p XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bong \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1m c\u1ee7a DCCS. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, ch\u1ee5p XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, kh\u00f3 th\u0103m kh\u00e1m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00eang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee5p XQ h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m c\u1ee7a DCCS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ th\u01b0\u1eddng quy kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00eang. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ghi nh\u1eadn, bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m ch\u00e0y c\u1ee7a DCCS th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau. Tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p x\u1ecd kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i nghi\u00eang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n thay h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bbng di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m ch\u00e0y c\u00f9a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1: Bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m ch\u00e0y DCCS tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p X-quang g\u1ed1i <\/span><\/i>th\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau \u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u00e1nh c\u0169ng k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m ch\u00e0y c\u1ee7a DCCS. Nhi\u1ec1u khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ th\u01b0\u1eddng quy. Tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ h\u1ed1 gian l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DCCS th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y n\u00ean bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00f9i v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 <\/span>tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ th\u01b0\u1eddng quy kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00eang, M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00f9i v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb sau ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i<\/i><\/strong> ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf Rosenberg c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eb9p khe kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i trong ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm m\u00e0 tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quy tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 2.8: T\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee5p X-quang kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i (A) v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u1eb9p khe kh\u1edbp ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00f9i trong tr\u00ean phim (B)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p XQ ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i <\/i><\/strong>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i m\u00e0 tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i nghi\u00eang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ee5p XQ ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee5p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a Merchant v\u00e0 Laurin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u00e0 v\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 3: M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p XQ ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi Settegast, Jacroschy v\u00e0 Knutsson\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 4: M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p XQ ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1edfi Settegast, Jacroschy v\u00e0 Knutsson\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p chi d\u01b0\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a chi d\u01b0\u1edbi do t\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh cua DCCS g\u00e2y n\u00ean. h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c chi d\u01b0\u1edbi do t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DCCS g\u00e2y n\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ch\u1ee5p X-quang l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ee5p X-quang l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y theo Puddu<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2000, Puddu v\u00e0 cs \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee5p XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i cho nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS [9],<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p: B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee9a, g\u1ed1i g\u1ea5p 70 \u0111\u1ed9, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n g\u1ea5p gan trung b\u00ecnh, x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung gian. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef cassette \u1ee9 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f9i, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t tia X \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, ph\u00e1t tia X tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m chi th\u1ec3, song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1nh ch\u00e8. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn cassette l\u00e0 Im. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee5p ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ea5p g\u1ed1i 70 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n (80 kV so v\u1edbi 70 kv), th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n (0,08 gi\u00e2y so v\u1edbi 0,05 gi\u00e2y) v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 (1 OOmA).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i, k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi hai l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i. T\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh li\u00ean l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i, k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi hai l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qua m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y. \u0110o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa r\u00e3nh li\u00ean l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh hai b\u00e8n. Trong t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau, m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y c\u00e0ng di l\u1ec7ch ra sau th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean 3mm c\u1ee7a b\u00ean t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng so v\u1edbi bcn l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 5: M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i <\/span><\/i>theo Puddu v\u00e0 cs.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

(A, A1: V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i; BC l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n \u0111o v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh hai b\u00ean).<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 6: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh XQ \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (A) v\u00e0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o sau<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2001 Assal v\u00e0 cs \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a Puddu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch ra sau c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9m tia X \u0111\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: n\u00ean ch\u1ee5p \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ea5p g\u1ed1i 80 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia X h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c kho\u1ea3ng 26 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i trong t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS [101-<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p X-quang ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p th\u0103m kh\u00e1m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch ra sau c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i do t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS g\u00e2y n\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch ra sau c\u1ee7a m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103m kh\u00e1m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch ra sau c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i khi th\u0103m kh\u00e1m nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau nhu th\u01b0\u1edbc KT 1000, th\u01b0\u1edbc KT 2000, th\u01b0\u1edbc Rolimeter, m\u00e1y Genourob… \u0110e \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch ra sau c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee5p phim XQ kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau. Theo James v\u00e0 cs, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch ra sau c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi khung Tclos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n g\u1ea5p g\u1ed1i 90 \u0111\u1ed9, qu\u1ef3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ef3 tr\u00ean l\u1ed3i c\u1ee7 ch\u00e0y. X\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1nh ch\u00e8 v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do. Tay b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tay v\u1ecbn kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 th\u1ebf tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. M\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ch\u00f9m tia X (cassette) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. T\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ea3 hai g\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t tia X c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cassette.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 7: T\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u1ebbo sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 d\u00f9ng khung Telos:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 d\u00f9ng khung Telos (Telos, Weterstad, Germany) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 b\u00ean ch\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee5p, kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i g\u1ea5p 90 \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ec3 trung gian v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi khung Telos nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 15 kg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y \u1edd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ed3i c\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c \u1ea5n n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p phim.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 7: T\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u1ebbo sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi khung Telos<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p XQ ng\u0103n k\u00e9o sau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 sau: K\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eed nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y song song v\u1edbi khe kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edd sau nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i trong v\u00e0 l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ebfm gi\u1eefa hai b\u1edd c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i, k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edd sau nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y trong v\u00e0 m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i, k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t song song v\u1edbi b\u1edd sau c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 di l\u1ec7ch ra sau c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba k\u1ebb.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h2>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u0103m d\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xung quanh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 g\u00e2n c\u01a1 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i, g\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u00e1nh ch\u00e8, l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 Hoffa, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e8 \u0111\u00f9i trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1nh b\u00ean b\u00e1nh ch\u00e8, d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng b\u00ean trong, d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u00f3c sau ngo\u00e0i, k\u00e9n ho\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00fai ho\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch quanh kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i. Do c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o n\u1eb1m trong bao kh\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bao ho\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i n\u00ean si\u00eau \u00e2m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. Friedl v\u00e0 Glaser v\u00e0 Ptasznik v\u00e0 cs ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a DCCT nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1n tr\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i, t\u1ee5 m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng . Suzuki v\u00e0 cs \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a DCCT d\u01b0\u1edbi si\u00eau \u00e2m trong t\u01b0 th\u1ec3 du\u1ed7i g\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh. V\u1edbi DCCS, si\u00eau \u00e2m kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf du\u1ed7i g\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1 cao. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1n tr\u1eadt ra sau c\u1ee7a m\u00e2m ch\u00e0y so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i, t\u1ee5 m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng so v\u1edbi g\u1ed1i b\u00ean l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a si\u00eau \u00e2m trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kho\u1ea3ng 83% v\u00e0 87,0% cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a si\u00eau \u00e2m trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCT.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 8: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh si\u00eau \u00e2m DCCS g\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (A) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edb g\u1ed1i tr\u00e1i (B) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9t DCCS tr\u00ean phim CHT (C)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

4. Ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp vi t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp vi t\u00ednh (CLVT) v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh 3D cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m c\u1ee7a DCCS v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ee5p CLVT r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a DCCS, ch\u1ee5p CLVT cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng bong di\u1ec7n b\u00e1m DCCS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p CLVT c\u00f3 ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3n quang n\u1ed9i kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a DCCS c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 DCCT v\u00e0 s\u1ee5n ch\u00eam.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee5p CHT k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed5-\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 9: Ch\u1ee5p CLVT c\u00f3 ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3n quang n\u1ed9i kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 DCCT (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 DCCS (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

HeffeTeman E.J v\u00e0 cs \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee5p CLVT 64 d\u00e2y trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i ghi nh\u1eadn: \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee5p CLVT trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9t DCCS r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0 – 25% trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t 100%.<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 10: H\u00ecnh \u00e1nh DCCS b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p CLVT 64 d\u00e3y (A) v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh DCCS t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p CHT (B) bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng tin hi\u1ec7u khu tr\u00f9 b\u1ec1n trong d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng do t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9u tr\u00ean DCCS\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

5. Ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb<\/h2>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee5p CHT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bloch v\u00e0 Purcell ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1976-1980 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Mansfeild, Damadian v\u00e0 Hankes m\u1edbi ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CHT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a DCCS tr\u00ean phim CHT<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 DCCT, DCCS n\u1eb1m trong bao kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bao ho\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch. DCCS to, ch\u1eafc kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n DCCT v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n DCCT n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a DCCS tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p CHT th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n DCCT. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh DCCS b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p CHT c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh cong m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1edd r\u00f5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean TI w v\u00e0 T2W. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00f3 sau trong c\u1ee7a DCCS d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i xung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a phim ch\u1ee5p CHT [23], H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a DCCS tr\u00ean phim ch\u1ee5p CI-IT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc g\u1eady hockey tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng hockey tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang, v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u1ee7a DCCS kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 6mm.<\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 11: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh DCCS b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean phim CHT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc g\u1eady hockey tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u00e0 b\u1ecfng hockey tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t <\/span><\/i>ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang [25]<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS tr\u00ean<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100% trong <\/span>phim CHT <\/span><\/i>ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9t DCCS c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee5p CHT kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9t DCCS n\u00f3i ri\u00eang ch\u1ee5p CHT c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i n\u00f3i chung. trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS <\/span>c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u0103m kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n sau khi g\u00e2y m\u00ea, v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i soi ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCT v\u00e0 d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f9i s\u1ee5n ch\u00eam k\u00e8m theo. Gross v\u00e0 cs c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1eafn \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e1n sau m\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DCCS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng trong bao, \u0111\u1ee9t b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9t DCCS trong bao g\u00e2y ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u0103ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i xung TR\/ TE d\u00e0i. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i xung TR\/TE d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng b\u1edd d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9t b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n DCCS bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ean trong d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0\/ ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1edd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i xung TR\/ TE d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00f3 s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n do ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1 xung quanh b\u1edd c\u1ee7a DCCS nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i xung TR\/ TE ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i xung TR\/ TE d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n DCCS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c b\u00f3 s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u0103m kh\u00e1m CHT. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a DCCS bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n