{"id":28492,"date":"2023-04-29T15:08:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-29T08:08:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=28492"},"modified":"2023-04-29T15:08:45","modified_gmt":"2023-04-29T08:08:45","slug":"nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3n kinh, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0: d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef tr\u1ee9ng \u1edf bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m, suy gi\u1ea3m hormone n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft, d\u1eebng kinh nguy\u1ec7t, c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c teo l\u1ea1i,&#8230; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i 40 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3ng 10 &#8211; 20 n\u0103m.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>1<\/strong><strong>. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 40 v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3n kinh, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 FSH t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nang no\u00e3n h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 estrogen. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p FSH t\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1eddng do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebft Inhibin bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng \u2013 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch FSH &#8211;\u00a0 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do feedback s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m estrogen. LH c\u00f3 t\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng FSH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh LH th\u01b0a d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3n kinh, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t estradiol thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 FSH v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi 35 tu\u1ed5i. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 estradiol th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3n kinh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, progesterone trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3n kinh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh s\u1ea3n. Testosterone kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3n kinh. SHBG(sex hormone-binding globulin) gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat sau khi m\u00e3n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 estrogen v\u00e0 testosterone t\u1ef1 do. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>2.1. T\u1eaft kinh <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ea5t kinh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp 12 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kinh nguy\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u00ec m\u00e3n kinh.V\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i m\u00e3n kinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh kinh n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 2 \u2013 8 n\u0103m, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn kinh nguy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng kinh th\u01b0a d\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng no\u00e3n. Trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e3n kinh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nang no\u00e3n c\u00f3 2 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n<p><strong>+ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>: c\u00e1c nang no\u00e3n v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec nang no\u00e3n, duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebft Estrogen, l\u00e0m ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung lu\u00f4n duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u00e0y. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nang no\u00e3n n\u00e0y tho\u00e1i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Estrogen t\u1ee5t v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u00e0nh kinh. Chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t n\u00e0y d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Progesterone v\u00e0 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung d\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c bong nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u00e2u, tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n rong kinh, c\u01b0\u1eddng kinh, kinh th\u01b0a. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>+ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai:<\/strong> nang no\u00e3n v\u1eabn r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ho\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m(&lt;14 ng\u00e0y), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 kinh b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1edfi Progesterone nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t n\u00ean bong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, loang l\u1ed5, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bong ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 kinh ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 rong kinh, g\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, lo l\u1eafng, ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd.\u00a0 Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do thi\u1ebfu FSH hay LH c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, FSH v\u00e0 LH \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9m nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hormone h\u01b0\u1edbng sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3n kinh), c\u00e1c nang no\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3n kinh, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Estrogen do nang no\u00e3n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nguy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2<\/strong><strong>.2. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch &#8211; C\u01a1n b\u1ed1c h\u1ecfa: <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>+ Th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1c h\u1ecfa m\u1eb7t, c\u1ed5, ng\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u01a1n b\u1ed1c h\u1ecfa x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1eebng v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m theo tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e3 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u1ed1c h\u1ecfa hay x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam ho\u1eb7c trong khi c\u00f3 stress.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 2 \u2013 3 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn 5 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu do th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; V\u00e3 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u00eam: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e8m theo c\u01a1n b\u1ed1c h\u1ecfa m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam n\u00ean g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi m\u00e3n kinh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd th\u00fa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Estrogen th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Turner \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch.Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng Estrogen th\u00ec khi ng\u1eebng cho Estrogen, c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e3n kinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, Estrogen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.3<\/strong><strong>. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh t\u00e2m l\u00fd <\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3 h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c hay lo l\u1eafng, c\u00e1u g\u1eaft, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110au nh\u1ee9c x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1n \u0111au nh\u1ee9c n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u (migraine).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, do c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kinh nguy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00e3o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u1edf v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edbi c\u00e1c neuron noradrenergic. Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Estrogen gi\u1ea3m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Norepinephrin v\u00e0 Prostaglandin, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y co m\u1ea1ch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea7n kinh, lo \u00e2u, suy s\u1ee5p v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.4<\/strong><strong>. C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u: <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>+ Trong b\u00e0ng quang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Estrogen nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o. Khi thi\u1ebfu Estrogen, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb teo, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e3n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i r\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e1i bu\u1ed1t, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a vi\u00eam b\u00e0ng quang.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00e1c c\u01a1 v\u00f2ng ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ed5 b\u00e0ng quang c\u0169ng b\u1ecb teo nh\u1ecf, y\u1ebfu \u0111i n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1edf v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u00f3n ti\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u01a1 b\u00e0ng quang b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ch\u00e8n \u00e9p hay g\u00e3y g\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sa t\u1eed cung, sa th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u00ed ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.5. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh d\u1ee5c \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/IcevDst.png\" alt=\"R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh d\u1ee5c\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh d\u1ee5c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&#8211; \u00c2m \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4 teo, giao h\u1ee3p \u0111au, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb vi\u00eam, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n, kh\u00e1m \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea5y ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4, nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0+<\/strong>S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat estrogen khi\u1ebfn \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea5t collagen, m\u00f4 m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e0nh \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o co l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p ph\u1eb3ng ra, bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecfng v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ecb teo khi\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p, g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn khi giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 khi kh\u00e1m ph\u1ee5 khoa. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vinmec.com\/vi\/tin-tuc\/thong-tin-suc-khoe\/san-phu-khoa-va-ho-tro-sinh-san\/hieu-dung-ve-teo-am-dao\/\">Teo \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n, sau m\u00e3n kinh ch\u1eebng 5 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0+ <\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecfng \u0111i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a glycogen n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c khu\u1ea9n Doderlein d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c acid lactic v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea5t toan t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. \u00c2m \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb vi\u00eam so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>+ <\/strong>C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u1eddn \u1edf \u00e2m h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn Bartholin v\u00e0 Skene c\u0169ng b\u1ecb teo v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Estrogen k\u00edch th\u00edch n\u00ean \u00edt ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4i ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eddn khi\u1ebfn giao h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111au.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 b\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c hay ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u do nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt, soi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u1ea9n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. C\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u1edf r\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng khi va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u khi giao h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1m ph\u1ee5 khoa.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng gi\u1eef t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00f9ng ch\u1eadu m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn sa sinh d\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>-T\u1eed cung v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung teo nh\u1ecf. N\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung m\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00e0o hay ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft, r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u. L\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea5t kinh.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.6. Lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d do l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t estrogen tu\u1ed5i m\u00e3n kinh. V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c estrogen sau tu\u1ed5i m\u00e3n kinh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ea1o x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c do thu\u1ed1c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ea1o c\u1ed1t b\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y c\u1ed1t b\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a hay s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t estrogen d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y c\u1ed1t b\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n thi\u1ebfu canxi hay s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m h\u1ea5p thu canxi t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canxi ion trong huy\u1ebft thanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y k\u00edch th\u00edch ti\u1ebft hormone tuy\u1ebfn c\u1eadn gi\u00e1p (PTH)\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng canxi t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee7y c\u1ed1t b\u00e0o. T\u0103ng PTH k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vitamin D. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 vitamin D d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng Canxi m\u00e1u th\u00f4ng qua:<\/p>\n<p>(1) k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ee7y c\u1ed1t b\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng canxi t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng,<\/p>\n<p>(2) t\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu canxi \u1edf ru\u1ed9t,<\/p>\n<p>(3) t\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu canxi \u1edf th\u1eadn<\/p>\n<p>(4) l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PTH \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn c\u1eadn gi\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ee9c m\u1ecfi, \u0111au x\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eed vong.\u00a0 C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n, lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, sang ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n \u0111\u1ee7 canxi v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea5p thu canxi qua d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y &#8211; ru\u1ed9t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Sang ch\u1ea5n, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng corticoid k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhanh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tia x\u1ea1, c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p c\u0169ng hay k\u00e8m theo lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng. X\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y c\u0169ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 2 lo\u1ea1i lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng: type 1 v\u00e0 type 2. Lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng type 1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau m\u00e3n kinh, lo\u00e3ng \u0111i c\u00e1c b\u00e8 x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng type 2 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, t\u1eeb 75 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, lo\u00e3ng c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e8 x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng type 1 hay x\u1ea3y ra 7-10 n\u0103m sau m\u00e3n kinh. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e3n kinh. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng khi tu\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n<p>Lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu Estrogen g\u00e2y ra, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Estrogen thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.7. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tim m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Estrogen c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch theo c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00e2y: <em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>+\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ion, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ion canxi \u1edf m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh: Gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 tr\u01a1n. Ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c lipoprotein t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p (LDL) v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a cholesterol este h\u00f3a v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf cholesterol ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch. Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1ch, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 NO, prostacyclin, gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng co m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Angiotensin II, Endothelin.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tr\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 tim: t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u00f3a men lysosome, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua ly gi\u1ea3i Glycogen, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o qua men creatininkinase trong ty l\u1ea1p th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o qua vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a NO, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh g\u00e2y co s\u1ee3i c\u01a1, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tim<\/p>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3 khi gi\u1ea3m Estrogen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n lipid, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p\u2026 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0: t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 v\u00e0 thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc, huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.8. T\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebfu estrogen l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh giao c\u1ea3m<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng renin- angiotensin- aldosterone &#8211; T\u0103ng b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, b\u00e9o b\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>Stress oxy h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>2.9. B\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 do h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vinmec.com\/vi\/tin-tuc\/thong-tin-suc-khoe\/nhung-thay-doi-cua-co-trong-giai-doan-tien-man-kinh-va-man-kinh\/\">th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh:<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lipid v\u00e0 lipoprotein <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ Triglycerid m\u00e1u t\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p>+ LDL-C t\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p>+ HDL-C gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb triglycerid gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a glucose v\u00e0 insulin <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed9 insulin t\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb insulin gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u00e0i ti\u1ebft insulin c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5y t\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi insulin<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00edch t\u1ee5 m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh t\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u0103ng acid uric m\u00e1u<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u v\u00e0 tan s\u1ee3i huy\u1ebft <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>+ T\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 VII, t\u0103ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 VIIc v\u00e0 fibrinogen<\/p>\n<p>+ Gi\u1ea3m antithrombin III<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u0103ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a plasminogen<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.10. \u0110\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5: <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u n\u00e3o: x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch n\u00e3o. V\u1ee1 t\u00fai ph\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch n\u00e3o \u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft trong n\u00e3o v\u00e0 khoang d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.11. Thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch: <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>H\u01a1n 90% b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u chi d\u01b0\u1edbi, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i. Vi\u00ean estrogene l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 2-3 l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.12. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf da v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a da <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu Estrogen n\u00ean m\u00f4 lien k\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi da b\u1ecb m\u1ecfng \u0111i, gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m cho da b\u1ecb m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 nh\u0103n nheo. Da c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e3n kinh b\u1ecb nh\u0103n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n do tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf da \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a da nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb teo, gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean da b\u1ecb kh\u00f4, l\u00f4ng t\u00f3c b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng, th\u01b0a \u0111i, h\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NGU\u1ed2N THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3n kinh &#8211; Vinmec.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3n kinh, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0: d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef tr\u1ee9ng \u1edf [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef - Vinmec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vinmec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-29T08:08:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/IcevDst.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/\",\"name\":\"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef - Vinmec\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-29T08:08:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-29T08:08:45+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/93244bcbae85b37711d0dde67f41b5f6\"},\"description\":\"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/\",\"name\":\"Vinmec\",\"description\":\"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Y t\u1ebf Vinmec\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/93244bcbae85b37711d0dde67f41b5f6\",\"name\":\"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1b748902abde9a821c917fe33912a06a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1b748902abde9a821c917fe33912a06a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy\"},\"url\":\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/author\/phamvanhoa1612gmail-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef - Vinmec","description":"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef - Vinmec","og_description":"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.","og_url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/","og_site_name":"Vinmec","article_published_time":"2023-04-29T08:08:45+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/IcevDst.png"}],"author":"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy","Est. reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/","url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/","name":"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef - Vinmec","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-04-29T08:08:45+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-29T08:08:45+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/93244bcbae85b37711d0dde67f41b5f6"},"description":"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 kinh) do gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/nhung-thay-doi-trong-thoi-ky-man-kinh-o-phu-nu\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#website","url":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/","name":"Vinmec","description":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Y t\u1ebf Vinmec","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/93244bcbae85b37711d0dde67f41b5f6","name":"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1b748902abde9a821c917fe33912a06a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"http:\/\/1.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1b748902abde9a821c917fe33912a06a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Duy"},"url":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/author\/phamvanhoa1612gmail-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28492"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28492"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29391,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28492\/revisions\/29391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}