{"id":28320,"date":"2023-04-26T21:42:22","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T14:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=28320"},"modified":"2023-04-26T21:42:22","modified_gmt":"2023-04-26T14:42:22","slug":"thoai-hoa-khop-thai-duong-ham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/26\/thoai-hoa-khop-thai-duong-ham\/","title":{"rendered":"Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft."},"content":{"rendered":"

Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m<\/a> (TMJ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ean 50. B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ, bao g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u1ea3nh<\/a>
Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1 Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u0103ng h\u00e0m m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 stress.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e3o h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp TMJ s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ. Ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 r\u0103ng h\u00e0m m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn, s\u00e2u r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c nha chu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean kh\u1edbp TMJ khi c\u1eafn, khi\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp b\u1ecb m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stress c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ. Stress c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra vi\u1ec7c nghi\u1ebfn ch\u1eb7t r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1eafn m\u00f3ng tay, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u stress c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ l\u00e0 \u0111au h\u00e0m. \u0110au h\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean h\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan ra c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng tai v\u00e0 c\u1ed5. \u0110au c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi nhai ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau khi m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau khi m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng ho\u1eb7c nhai. Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n do s\u1ef1 m\u00f2n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp TMJ, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ, b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong \u0111\u00f3, X-quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp TMJ. X-quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng kh\u1edbp hay s\u1ee5n kh\u1edbp b\u1ecb m\u00f2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i X-quang, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ. MRI cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp TMJ v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e1c s\u0129 xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng, di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m.<\/span><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m stress v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ, nh\u01b0 \u0111au, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 nhai.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u00a0 kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u00e0m, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean kh\u1edbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0 thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111au v\u00e0 vi\u00eam, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1m r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111eo mi\u1ebfng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi nhai v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean kh\u1edbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp TMJ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp TMJ, vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen sinh ho\u1ea1t khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u1eafn m\u00f3ng tay, nghi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe to\u00e0n th\u00e2n n\u00f3i chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m (TMJ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ean 50. B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. Trong b\u00e0i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,32],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. - 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