{"id":26580,"date":"2023-04-23T21:38:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-23T14:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=26580"},"modified":"2023-04-23T21:38:14","modified_gmt":"2023-04-23T14:38:14","slug":"viem-noi-tam-mac-nhiem-khuan-va-khai-niem-vi-khuan-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/23\/viem-noi-tam-mac-nhiem-khuan-va-khai-niem-vi-khuan-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1ecdc."},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tim m\u1ea1ch.<\/strong> Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/strong> tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n<\/a> (VNTMNK), nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1<\/strong> VNTMNK r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n (VNTMNK), nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 VNTMNK r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 ca trong 100.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong trong vi\u1ec7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 15% \u0111\u1ebfn 20%, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong sau 1 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 30% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed van t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, lo\u1ea1i van, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd k\u00e8m theo, ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m qua.
\n\u0110a s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tim c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (b\u1ec7nh van tim, van tim nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh c\u00f3 t\u00edm\u2026), tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7n ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c cao, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc VNTMNK m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tim r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2.Sinh l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • S\u00f9i do vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111i qua g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u00f9i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t nh\u0129 c\u1ee7a van nh\u0129 \u2013 th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a van b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c van b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t (van t\u1ed5 chim) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng. D\u1ea5u hoa th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u g\u00e2y ra (m\u1ea3ng McCallum) tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c trong th\u00f4ng li\u00ean th\u1ea5t (tr\u00ean l\u00e1 v\u00e1ch van ba l\u00e1) ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u0129 tr\u00e1i do d\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qua van hai l\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c tr\u00ean van \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • L\u00e1 van \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0y l\u00ean \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e9p l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u00e1 van \u00e1p v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i hay x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1edbp n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean l\u00e1 van l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t. L\u1edbp s\u1ee3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00ednh cho l\u00e1 van. L\u1edbp th\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1edd t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 van v\u00e0 l\u1edbp x\u1ed1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m, gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 collagen c\u1ee7a van.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u01a1 huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c d\u1ea1ng huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
    • \u00a0C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt b\u00e1m v\u00e0o v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi\u00eam th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y elastin v\u00e0 collagen, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn van tim.B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. Khi l\u1edbp n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u \u2013fibrin, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00f9i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1edbp n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1edf m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c van t\u1ed5 chim, \u1edf m\u1eb7t nh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c van nh\u0129 th\u1ea5t.
      \nKho\u1ea3ng 30% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tim tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 van b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m: S. aureus, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Streptococcus, Salmonella, Rickettsia, Borrelia\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"Vi\u00eam<\/p>\n

      V\u1ecb tr\u00ed vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/strong><\/p>\n

      3.M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

      3.1. Nhu\u1ed9m Gram<\/h3>\n

      Do vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i vi khu\u1ea9n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m Gram, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 vi sinh h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch Hans Christian Gram n\u0103m 1884. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap chia vi khu\u1ea9n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m: Gram \u00e2m v\u00e0 Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng.
      \nS\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi nhu\u1ed9m Gram l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m v\u00e0 Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng.
      \nVi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi l\u1edbp peptidoglycan d\u00e0y, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. M\u1eb7t trong v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp phospholipid k\u00e9p. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cholesterol hay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sterol kh\u00e1c. Vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u00e1ch peptidoglycan m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00edt v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7t trong l\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o phospholipid k\u00e9p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u00e1o ngo\u00e0i (lipopolysaccharide) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a lipid A. Lipid A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m. Khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ly gi\u1ea3i do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, do thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh\u2026 lipid A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c.
      \nS\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi nhu\u1ed9m Gram l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n. Vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp peptidoglycan d\u00e0y, d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p iod s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi nhu\u1ed9m Gram. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp peptidoglycan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u00eam l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng lipopolysaccharide b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00edm iod s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i.
      \n\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: L\u1edbp v\u00e1ch peptidoglycan \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ea5p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ng sinh, thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m, thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u1edbp lipopolysaccharide c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111i qua, do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1ng sinh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbp peptidoglycan b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      3.2. Hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1ch vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t cao, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh cao hydro peroxide (oxy gi\u00e0 \u2013 H2O2), c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do (O2\u2013 , OH\u2013). \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c enzym b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a oxy (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase). Vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c enzym tr\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a oxy.
        \nVi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c: C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng glycoside, chu tr\u00ecnh Krebs, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng oxy l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i enzym n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/li>\n
      • Vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed t\u00f9y \u00fd:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng oxy nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong chu\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hai enzym l\u00e0 catalase v\u00e0 superoxide dismutase. Tuy nhi\u00ean,\u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t oxy, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed (l\u00ean men) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
      • Vi khu\u1ea9n vi hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed:<\/strong> l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n electron. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung n\u1ea1p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf oxy do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t enzyme l\u00e0 superoxide dismutase. Vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c: C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i enzyme n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3.<\/strong>3<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1:<\/strong> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m v\u00e0 Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
        • N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1:<\/strong> l\u00e0 lipid A \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i lipopolysaccharide c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m. Lipid A c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m, m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Listeria monocytogenes l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean do vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ly gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n (VNTMNK), nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 VNTMNK r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nVi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1ecdc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vi\u00eam n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. 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