{"id":26506,"date":"2023-04-22T11:22:20","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T04:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=26506"},"modified":"2023-05-02T10:00:04","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T03:00:04","slug":"xac-dinh-vi-khuan-bang-phuong-phap-vi-sinh-vat-trong-noi-nha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/22\/xac-dinh-vi-khuan-bang-phuong-phap-vi-sinh-vat-trong-noi-nha\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi sinh v\u1eadt trong n\u1ed9i nha."},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi khu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt trong \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i nha b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ecb kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m sinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng sinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ecb kh\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chi\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi khu\u1ea9n \u1edf nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm DNA v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c RNA c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cao m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u00e0i vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 gen 16S rRNA, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho th\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c acid nucleic c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng (d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3). C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt trong \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 2 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf nhau. C\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 2 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\"xac-dinh-vi-khuan-1\"
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n vi khu\u1ea9n trong \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 vi khu\u1ea9n trong \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, th\u00ec vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ecb kh\u00ed Gram (-) nh\u01b0 Porphyromonas (P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis), Prevotella (P. intermedia, P. nigrescens), Campylobacter (C. rectus, C. gracilis), Fusobacterium nucleatum, v\u00e0 Tannerella forsythia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f2n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 Treponema (T. denticola, T. socranskii, T. pectinovorum, T. maltophilium, T. endodontalis), Dialister, Megashaera, Olsenella v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00f4 danh h\u1ecd Synergistes.<\/p>\n

3. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7<\/h2>\n

K\u0129 thu\u1eadt k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. C\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 qu\u00e9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (SEM) v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi Laser gi\u00fap \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt theo ba chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian. SEM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n trong biofilm; tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

\"xac-dinh-vi-khuan-2\"
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh SEM, v\u00f9ng ch\u00f3p c\u1ee7a 1 r\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ch\u00f3p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. L\u1edbp biofilm l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ng\u00e0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qu\u00e9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi Laser cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp biofilm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Qu\u00e9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi Laser k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n vi sinh v\u1eadt (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 lai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t). 1 trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eabu qu\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Do v\u1eady, qu\u00e9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi Laser cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 3D chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao.<\/p>\n

\"\"
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o 3D m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp biofilm. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang, m\u00e0u xanh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Clinical Guide for Optimal Treatment Outcome – Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi sinh v\u1eadt trong n\u1ed9i nha.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi sinh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi khu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng t\u1ee7y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. 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