{"id":22557,"date":"2023-04-17T07:59:18","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T00:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=22557"},"modified":"2023-04-17T10:55:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T03:55:40","slug":"niacin-trong-dieu-tri-roi-loan-lipid-mau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/17\/niacin-trong-dieu-tri-roi-loan-lipid-mau\/","title":{"rendered":"Niacin trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n lipid m\u00e1u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Niacin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p protein G (GPR109A) trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh adenosine monophosphate n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ee1 (b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a lipase, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 lipase nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi hormone).<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>1.C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>Niacin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p protein G (GPR109A) trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh adenosine monophosphate n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ee1 (b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a lipase, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 lipase nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi hormone). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng acid b\u00e9o t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho gan \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t triglyceride v\u00e0 VLDL. Gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 VLDL d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t IDL v\u00e0 LDL \u1edf gan v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean. Niacin c\u0169ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan DGAT-2 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p triglyceride trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m triglyceride k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong VLDL.<\/p>\n<h2>2.Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n<p>Niacin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m LDL v\u00e0 triglyceride t\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng HDL \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng cholesterol m\u00e1u nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n lipid m\u00e1u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Niacin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho statin khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1 LDL-C. Niacin c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 triglyceride \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng triglyceride m\u00e1u n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h2>3.Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ec7nh gan \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng transaminase k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<li>Lo\u00e9t d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Niacin ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c lo\u1ea1i C khi mang thai. C\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ec niacin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u1eefa m\u1eb9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u1edf tr\u1ebb b\u00fa m\u1eb9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4.Li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec: Li\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: 1 \u2013 2 g chia 2 \u2013 3 l\u1ea7n\/24h. Li\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u 250 mg u\u1ed1ng sau b\u1eefa \u0103n t\u1ed1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng li\u1ec1u h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean sau 4 \u2013 7 ng\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c LDL-C v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c triglyceride mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec1u 1,5 \u2013 2 g. N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau 2 th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng li\u1ec1u trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 2 \u2013 4 tu\u1ea7n l\u00ean 1 g x 3 l\u1ea7n\/24h ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>Niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i: N\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u li\u1ec1u 500 mg\/24h \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 500 mg trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 tu\u1ea7n. Li\u1ec1u duy tr\u00ec l\u00e0 1-2 g m\u1ed7i 24h. U\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111i ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n nh\u1eb9 \u00edt b\u00e9o. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi statin, li\u1ec1u statin c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n li\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhanh sang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi d\u00f9ng niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c suy gan.<\/p>\n<h2>5.T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf b\u1eebng m\u1eb7t, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, n\u00f4n, ho v\u00e0 ng\u1ee9a. \u0110\u1ecf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u1edf 88% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Acid nicotinic g\u00e2y n\u00f3ng b\u1eebng m\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng qua li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 GPR109A v\u00e0 trung gian gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c prostaglandin gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o Langerhans trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ea1 b\u00ec. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong 30-60 ph\u00fat. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecf b\u1eebng m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng aspirin (l\u00ean t\u1edbi li\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o l\u00e0 325 mg) trong 30 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng niacin.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 1% ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb do t\u0103ng transaminase l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2 l\u1ea7n ULN (Upper limit of normal \u2013 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng). Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p statin v\u00e0 niacin, 1% c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c khi t\u0103ng AST ho\u1eb7c ALT l\u00ean h\u01a1n 3 l\u1ea7n ULN. C\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 transaminase trong huy\u1ebft thanh, bao g\u1ed3m AST v\u00e0 ALT tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u1ee9 sau 6 tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 12 tu\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 3 \u2013 6 th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3. N\u00ean ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 transaminase t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n ULN v\u00e0 v\u1eabn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, s\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c gan n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n thay th\u1ebf niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhanh b\u1eb1ng niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm \u1edf li\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Niacin n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn r\u01b0\u1ee3u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh gan. D\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c gan.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u01a1 v\u00e2n t\u0103ng khi d\u00f9ng statin c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n cao tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, suy th\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng acid nicotinic \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111au th\u1eaft ng\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u c\u01a1 tim, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111ang d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ch v\u00ec niacin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Niacin gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose v\u00e0 glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) trong huy\u1ebft thanh (nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung &lt; 5 mmol\/L v\u00e0 &lt; 0,3% t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng). N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Niacin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p protein G (GPR109A) trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh adenosine monophosphate n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ee1 (b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a lipase, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 lipase nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi hormone). 1.C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng Niacin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":22559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12,33],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - 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