{"id":21996,"date":"2023-04-17T20:51:53","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T13:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=21996"},"modified":"2023-04-18T11:44:27","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T04:44:27","slug":"tim-hieu-ve-hoi-chung-tic-o-tre-em","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/17\/tim-hieu-ve-hoi-chung-tic-o-tre-em\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic \u1edf tr\u1ebb em"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic \u1edf tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1n co th\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n . H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc \u1edf tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhanh, \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc \u1edf tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

Tic kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc 18 tu\u1ed5i (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 tu\u1ed5i); ch\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tics t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 1% tr\u1ebb em, tics k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

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Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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*Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n Tic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5 (DSM-5):<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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  • <\/span>\n
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    R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tic t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi: M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u tic v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m thanh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n < 1 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

  • <\/span>\n
    \n

    R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tic k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (m\u00e3n t\u00ednh): M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u tics v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m thanh (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh) bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n > 1 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

  • <\/span>\n
    \n

    H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tourette (h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Gilles de la Tourette): C\u1ea3 tics v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i > 1 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

    3. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc \u1edf tr\u1ebb em bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • C\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5p m\u1eaft, nh\u1ea5c vai, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa, xoay ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    • \u00c2m thanh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 k\u00eau, r\u00ean, n\u00f3i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng: Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng khi c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, \u1edf nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c khi g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8.<\/li>\n
    • Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng: Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
    • Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i khi tr\u1ebb t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3: Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi tr\u1ebb t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \"\"
      C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      4. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic \u1edf tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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      • \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y: C\u00e1c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
      • \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn giao ti\u1ebfp: Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp.\u00a0 C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 ti v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      • \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m: Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an, lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n

        Hi\u1ec7n nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Tic \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc \u1edf tr\u1ebb em:<\/p>\n

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        • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng: C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edc.<\/li>\n
        • Tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd: Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed1c: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c
          \nClonidin<\/b> 0,05 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,1 mg \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n\/ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn 4 l\u1ea7n\/ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.
          \nThu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n<\/b> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 Risperidone, Haloperidol, Pimozide,..
          \nTuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd b\u1edfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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          • M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 CBIT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ti. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i quen (h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf tic), gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 tic, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0110\u00f4i khi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tic l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng Tic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

             <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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