{"id":21635,"date":"2023-04-15T21:28:59","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T14:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=21635"},"modified":"2023-04-17T14:43:06","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T07:43:06","slug":"loi-tieu-quai-va-cach-dung-tren-lam-sang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/15\/loi-tieu-quai-va-cach-dung-tren-lam-sang\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>L\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Furosemide l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bumetanide v\u00e0 torsemide<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>1.Li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o li\u1ec1u: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n li\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/li>\n<li>T\u0103ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u khi d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u. Li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy th\u1eadn. Li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00ean tai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Khi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u furosemide 40 mg x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1 mg bumetanide v\u00e0 20 mg torsemide. \u1ede nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 li\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a furosemide-bumetanide gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 40:1 xu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 20:1 do s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 thanh th\u1ea3i bumetanide \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Sinh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a torsemide v\u00e0 bumetanide \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng cao. Do \u0111\u00f3, li\u1ec1u u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, sinh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a furosemide u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau; trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 50%..<\/p>\n<h4>1.1.1 Li\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Li\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ph\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00f9, li\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 10 mg furosemide (0,25 mg bumetanide ho\u1eb7c 5 mg torsemide).<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 c\u1ea7n li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, li\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a furosemide l\u00e0 20 mg m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy tim (5 mg torsemide ho\u1eb7c 0,5 mg bumetanide m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y) v\u00e0 40 mg m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadn h\u01b0 (20 mg torsemide ho\u1eb7c 1 mg bumetanide m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y). Nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft do b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1u th\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c gi\u1eef natri nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng reninangiotensin-aldosterone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.1.2 Li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a:<\/h4>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 li\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft natri t\u1ed1i \u0111a, n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Li\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy tim, x\u01a1 gan, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadn h\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c l\u1ecdc c\u1ea7u th\u1eadn<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00f9, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi 40 mg furosemide ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 15 ho\u1eb7c 20 mg torsemide v\u00e0 1 mg bumetanide). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy tim, x\u01a1 gan, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadn h\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn do m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadn do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng renin-angiotensin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh giao c\u1ea3m g\u00e2y t\u0103ng t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu natri.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ee9c l\u1ecdc c\u1ea7u th\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai \u1edf \u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3n g\u1ea7n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c anion c\u1ea1nh tranh trong suy th\u1eadn. Trong b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng cao khi GFR c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong suy th\u1eadn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 GFR &gt; 30 mL\/ph\u00fat\/1,73m2), li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 80 mg furosemide ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, 2 \u2013 3 mg bumetanide, ho\u1eb7c 20 \u2013 50 mg torsemide.<\/p>\n<p>Trong suy th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 GFR \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh &lt; 30 mL\/ph\u00fat\/1,73m2), li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 200 mg furosemide ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, 8 \u2013 10 mg bumetanide, ho\u1eb7c 50 \u2013 100 mg torsemide.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec7u do t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadn c\u1ea5p, li\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 500 mg furosemide ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a torsemide ho\u1eb7c bumetanide.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft natri ni\u1ec7u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u201cli\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><strong>2.T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u: h\u1ea1 kali m\u00e1u, nhi\u1ec5m ki\u1ec1m chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, h\u1ea1 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, t\u0103ng natri ni\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c\u2026 Qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn hay x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh. Nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c tai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tho\u00e1ng qua (th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 30 ph\u00fat \u2013 24h) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ebfc v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c tai ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch li\u1ec1u cao, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: li\u1ec1u furosemide tr\u00ean 240 mg\/h ho\u1eb7c \u1edf li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed1c aminoglycoside.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c: m\u1ec7t, t\u1ee5t huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m da, vi\u00eam th\u1eadn k\u1ebd, \u00f9 tai, nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c tai, \u0111i\u1ebfc.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i khi d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u cao: \u0111au c\u01a1, gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u tan m\u00e1u, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u, ch\u00e1n \u0103n, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, t\u00e1o b\u00f3n, n\u1ed5i m\u00e0y \u0111ay, vi\u00eam b\u00e0ng quang, ph\u00f9 ph\u1ed5i, vi\u00eam m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed, m\u1edd m\u1eaft,\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Furosemide l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bumetanide v\u00e0 torsemide 1.Li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng 1.1 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung: T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o li\u1ec1u: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":21637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,33],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u quai l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ra sao tham kh\u1ea3o trong 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