{"id":21349,"date":"2023-04-15T20:45:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T13:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=21349"},"modified":"2023-04-17T16:03:07","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T09:03:07","slug":"co-che-phan-tu-benh-ho-hap-hut-thuoc-la","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/15\/co-che-phan-tu-benh-ho-hap-hut-thuoc-la\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, hen v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng tim hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>1. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vinmec.com\/vi\/tin-tuc\/thong-tin-suc-khoe\/song-khoe\/4-loi-khuyen-de-bo-hut-thuoc\/\">H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nicotine, carbon monoxide v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tar, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00edt v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00edt kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, g\u00e2y ra vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vinmecdr.com\/ty-le-mac-benh-phoi-tac-nghen-man-tinh-tren-toan-cau-dang-gia-tang-va-no-da-tro-thanh-mot-ganh-nang-lon-doi-voi-suc-khoe-cong-dong-tren-toan-the-gioi-trong-do-co-viet-nam-thong-qua-phac-do-nghien-cu\/\">B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (COPD)<\/a>: COPD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ph\u1ed5i m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian. H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra COPD, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vinmec.com\/vi\/benh\/ung-thu-phoi-3039\/\">Ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i<\/a>: H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i. Nicotine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c trong thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lan t\u1ecfa.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vinmec.com\/vi\/benh\/hen-suyen-4684\/\">B\u1ec7nh hen<\/a> : H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh hen. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00edt kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, ho, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ng\u1ee7. H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t c\u01a1n hen c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vinmec.com\/vi\/tin-tuc\/thong-tin-suc-khoe\/suc-khoe-tong-quat\/cac-loai-viem-phoi-thuong-gap\/\">Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i<\/a>: H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i. Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i do h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, ho, \u0111au ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t.\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_21377\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21377\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-21377\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Anh-hut-thuoc-la-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"Minh-hoa-hut-thuoc-la\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Anh-hut-thuoc-la-300x186.jpg 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Anh-hut-thuoc-la.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21377\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh (COPD) v\u00e0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>AAT l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a elastase c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111a nh\u00e2n trung t\u00ednh (Neutrophil elastase- NE) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ec1m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t vi\u00eam c\u1ee7a COPD v\u1edbi b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111a nh\u00e2n trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 NE. NE\u00a0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t elastase m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u0169ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111a nh\u00e2n trung t\u00ednh c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c enzym proteinase nh\u01b0 MMP bao g\u1ed3m MMP-9.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh trong nhu m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh khi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c elastase bao g\u1ed3m MMP-9, MMP-12. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa MMP-12 v\u00e0 NE g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u0169ng \u1edf chu\u1ed9t. MMP v\u00e0 enzym proteinase t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ph\u1ed5i, g\u00e2y ra th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i vi\u00eam.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110ai th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam trong COPD. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o, th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed ho\u1ea1t Histone deacetylase-2 do ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a g\u00e2y ra, chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sang acetyl h\u00f3a chromatin ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t chromatin, l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed NF-kB v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean m\u00e3 MMP, c\u00e1c cytokine IL-8 v\u00e0 TNF-\u03b1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111a nh\u00e2n trung t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. B\u1ec7nh hen v\u00e0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh hen bao g\u1ed3m: Vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T, t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t IgE v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f3 cai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Nicotin l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n trong thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 7000 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 69 ch\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m: c\u00e1c hydrocarbon th\u01a1m \u0111a v\u00f2ng (PAHs), C\u00e1c nitrosamin c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, c\u00e1c amin th\u01a1m, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 formaldehuyde, acetaldehyde; 1,3-butadiene v\u00e0 benzene.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c enzym chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m cytochrom P-450, glutathione S-transferase v\u00e0 UDP-glucuronosyl transferase v\u00e0 sulfotranferase, x\u00fac t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec5 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t trung gian. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed DNA v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ung th\u01b0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1edfi enzym s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa DNA.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201450 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ung [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20,33],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. 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