{"id":20427,"date":"2023-04-23T00:29:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T17:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=20427"},"modified":"2023-04-23T00:29:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-22T17:29:40","slug":"10-dac-tinh-co-ban-cua-benh-ung-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/23\/10-dac-tinh-co-ban-cua-benh-ung-thu\/","title":{"rendered":"10 \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gia t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<h2>1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan l\u00e2n c\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c di c\u0103n sang c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<h2>2. 10 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2000, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hanahan v\u00e0 Weinberg \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ung th\u01b0, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh sinh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua 10 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-24471 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/41416_2019_723_Fig2_HTML-300x151.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/41416_2019_723_Fig2_HTML-300x151.png 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/41416_2019_723_Fig2_HTML.png 685w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">10 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u (Hanaban and Weinberg, 2011)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n chia k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (sustaining proliferative signaling)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i m\u00f4i. Chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec (t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u EGF\/EGFR).<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng sinh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00f4ng qua ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh: Akt, MAPK\/ERK v\u00e0 mTOR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00e1i l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t (deregulating cellular metabolism)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu oxy, v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn nu\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Warburg li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0, trong \u0111\u00f3 pyruvate \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb chu tr\u00ecnh Krebs sang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lactate trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n oxy. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a glutamine \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng sinh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed1i u thi\u1ebfu oxy bao g\u1ed3m HIF-1\u03b1 v\u00e0 AMPK, chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u1ed1i u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i stress chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c gen.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (resisting cell death)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ebft theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24472\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24472\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-24472\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/20-CEP-94379-Apoptosis-300x150.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/20-CEP-94379-Apoptosis-300x150.webp 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/20-CEP-94379-Apoptosis-1024x512.webp 1024w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/20-CEP-94379-Apoptosis-768x384.webp 768w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/20-CEP-94379-Apoptosis-1536x768.webp 1536w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/20-CEP-94379-Apoptosis-2048x1024.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24472\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Gene m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene (genome instability and mutation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf cao. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi ung th\u01b0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn DNA tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n protein v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kinase \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 protein Chk1 v\u00e0 Chk2, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c enzym s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DNA, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 BRCA v\u00e0 53BP1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u m\u1edbi (inducing or accessing vasculature)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di c\u0103n v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 oxy, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e2n sinh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24473\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24473\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-24473\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/800px-Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/800px-Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/800px-Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still-768x432.jpg 768w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/800px-Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24473\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u0103ng sinh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u1ed1i t\u1eed b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 VEGF, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i (bFGF) v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u (PDGF), \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X\u00e2m l\u1ea5n m\u00f4 v\u00e0 di c\u0103n (activating invasion and metastasis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n m\u00f4 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c m\u00f4 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Di c\u0103n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1ed1i u nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xa m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 sang trung m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t\u00a0 n\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 di c\u01b0, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0 Collagen v\u00e0 CEACAM1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u00eam do kh\u1ed1i u (tumor-promoting inflammation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi m\u00f4 kh\u1ed1i u (TME) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch trong TME ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 di c\u0103n l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y vi\u00eam quan tr\u1ecdng do kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m NF-\u03baB, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u00e2y vi\u00eam. C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft caspase-1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cytokine ti\u1ec1n vi\u00eam IL-1\u03b2 v\u00e0 IL-18.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sao ch\u00e9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (enabling replicative immortality)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng sao ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ee9c enzyme telomerase cao ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a telomere, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 telomere ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec telomere v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Wnt v\u00e0 Hippo.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (avoiding immune destruction)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea9m sinh v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 PD1\/PD-L1, TIM3 v\u00e0 LAG3, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (evading growth suppressors)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ch\u1ebft theo chu tr\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111ang t\u0103ng sinh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy tho\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c protein v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <strong>t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o <\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gia t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,33],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>10 \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ung th\u01b0, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10 \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 - 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