{"id":1967,"date":"2023-04-08T00:34:25","date_gmt":"2023-04-07T17:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=1967"},"modified":"2023-04-13T12:58:11","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T05:58:11","slug":"gen-gia-pseudogenes-gia-nhung-that","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/08\/gen-gia-pseudogenes-gia-nhung-that\/","title":{"rendered":"Gen gi\u1ea3 (pseudogenes) – “gi\u1ea3” nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 “th\u1eadt”"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gen gi\u1ea3 (Pseudogenes) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ADN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gen th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh protein, d\u00f9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “gi\u1ea3” nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

1. Gen gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h4>\n

Gen gi\u1ea3 (Pseudogenes)<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ADN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gen th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh protein. Pseudogene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gen, \u0111a ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp gen. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a protein, pseudogene v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i gen v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gen kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a virus.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pseudogene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: processed pseudogene v\u00e0 non-processed pseudogene. Processed pseudogene c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean m\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c RNA th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb gen th\u1eadt, trong khi non-processed pseudogene c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean mRNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi gen th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 pseudogene kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh protein, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gen h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u pseudogene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a gen v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 gen, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gen.<\/p>\n

2. Gen gi\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gen th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h4>\n

Pseudogenes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 pseudogenes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gen. Pseudogenes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 RNA n\u1ed9i sinh c\u1ea1nh tranh (ceRNA) c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi microRNA (miRNA). miRNA l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed RNA nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gen b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi RNA th\u00f4ng tin (mRNA) v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Pseudogenes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng miRNA c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gen \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Pseudogenes c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gen. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gen x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t gen gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb gen gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, pseudogenes c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen. Pseudogenes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gen ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, pseudogenes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

3. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa gen gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt<\/h4>\n

Pseudogenes, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn pseudogenes bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ung th\u01b0:<\/strong> Pseudogenes c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0, bao g\u1ed3m ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, PTENP1<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gen gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gen \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u PTEN v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1ea7n kinh:<\/strong> Pseudogenes c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer, b\u1ec7nh Parkinson v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t gen gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 GABRB1<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a axit gamma-aminobutyric d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh (GABA) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Pseudogenes c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch, bao g\u1ed3m t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, pseudogene ACE2<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Gen gi\u1ea3 (Pseudogenes) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ADN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gen th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh protein, d\u00f9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “gi\u1ea3” nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33,14],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"\nGen gi\u1ea3 (pseudogenes) - "gi\u1ea3" nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 "th\u1eadt" - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gen gi\u1ea3 (Pseudogenes) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ADN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gen th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh protein, d\u00f9 "gi\u1ea3" nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i "th\u1eadt".\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gen gi\u1ea3 (pseudogenes) - 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