{"id":1922,"date":"2023-04-07T22:56:24","date_gmt":"2023-04-07T15:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=1922"},"modified":"2023-04-13T12:54:31","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T05:54:31","slug":"gen-brca-doan-nhu-hay-lieu-phap-uc-che-hormone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/07\/gen-brca-doan-nhu-hay-lieu-phap-uc-che-hormone\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edn gen BRCA: \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 hay li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf hormone?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh (+) v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gen BRCA s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc K v\u00fa t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf hormone l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa gen BRCA v\u00e0 K v\u00fa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h4>1. Gen BRCA v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa<\/h4>\n<p>BRCA l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gen d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa. Gen BRCA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf NST 13, 17 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. Gen BRCA bao g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 BRCA1 v\u00e0 BRCA2. Khi c\u00f3 gen BRCA l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc K v\u00fa \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. \u0110o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p hormone l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a gen BRCA1 v\u00e0 BRCA2 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u exons. BRCA1 bao g\u1ed3m 24 exons v\u00e0 BRCA2 bao g\u1ed3m 27 exons. C\u00e1c exons n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c protein c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DNA trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00e1c protein n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa DNA v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1927 \" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-07-at-22.52.15.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-07-at-22.52.15.png 664w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-07-at-22.52.15-300x291.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n trong BRCA1 v\u00e0 BRCA2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c protein n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong DNA v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n trong BRCA1 ho\u1eb7c BRCA2, nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mang c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 trong BRCA1 v\u00e0 BRCA2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd mang c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n trong BRCA1 ho\u1eb7c BRCA2, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ung th\u01b0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, <strong>nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 BRCA1 ho\u1eb7c BRCA2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 72% \u0111\u1ebfn 88%, so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 12% \u0111\u1ebfn 13% trong d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/strong> Nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian theo d\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. C\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gen BRCA?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 (mastectomy) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n trong BRCA1 ho\u1eb7c BRCA2, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra sau khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111au, s\u01b0ng, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ng\u1ef1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra sau khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf hormone c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h4>3. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p hormone c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 gen BRCA?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"Message_botMessageBubble__CPGMI \">\n<div class=\"Markdown_markdownContainer__UyYrv\">\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c hormone \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n trong BRCA1 ho\u1eb7c BRCA2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf hormone nh\u01b0 <strong>tamoxifen ho\u1eb7c raloxifene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50%<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa cao.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c hormone c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, \u0111au b\u1ee5ng, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111au ng\u1ef1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c hormone \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ef9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c hormone ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra sau khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ung th\u01b0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0, l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh (+) v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gen BRCA s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc K v\u00fa t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf hormone l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa gen BRCA v\u00e0 K v\u00fa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33,14],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edn gen BRCA: \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 hay li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf hormone?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Khi c\u00f3 gen BRCA l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc K v\u00fa \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. \u0110o\u1ea1n nh\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng hormone l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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