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<\/p>\nK\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gene h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc. PCR c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Kary Mullis.<\/p>\n
Mullis, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1993, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a DNA nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t enzyme g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Taq polymerase, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA.<\/p>\n
Khi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gene h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc sao ch\u00e9p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gen tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PCR \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 insulin v\u00e0 hormon t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n
Sau khi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, bao g\u1ed3m qPCR, ddPCR v\u00e0 PCR digital, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PCR v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh PCR bao g\u1ed3m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh: denaturation, annealing v\u00e0 extension. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc denaturation, m\u1eabu DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro trong chu\u1ed7i nucleotide v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ra kh\u1ecfi nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong b\u01b0\u1edbc annealing, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu primer (\u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong b\u01b0\u1edbc extension, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed enzyme polymerase \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nucleotide ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide m\u1edbi. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i PCR ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PCR tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gene h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc. PCR c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33,14],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"\n