{"id":1579,"date":"2023-04-07T09:57:43","date_gmt":"2023-04-07T02:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=1579"},"modified":"2023-04-07T09:57:43","modified_gmt":"2023-04-07T02:57:43","slug":"giai-trinh-tu-gen-nen-chon-sanger-hay-ngs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/07\/giai-trinh-tu-gen-nen-chon-sanger-hay-ngs\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Sanger hay NGS?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen Sanger v\u00e0 NGS l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1591 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-06-at-23.00.22-214x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-06-at-23.00.22-214x300.png 214w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-06-at-23.00.22.png 446w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>1. Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 Sanger<\/h4>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen Sanger (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p dideoxy) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucleotide c\u1ee7a DNA. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Frederick Sanger v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gene h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dideoxynucleotide (ddNTPs) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sao ch\u00e9p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chu\u1ed7i. S\u1ef1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucleotide c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i DNA g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Sanger b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p chu\u1ed7i DNA m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh PCR, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb DNA m\u1eabu. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu chu\u1ed7i DNA \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chu\u1ed7i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chu\u1ed7i, c\u00e1c ddNTPs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i DNA \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sao ch\u00e9p t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi ddNTPs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i DNA, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chu\u1ed7i s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ddNTPs v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ddNTPs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c fluorophore kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nucleotide th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau khi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n di. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a fluorophore. C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS<\/h4>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gene h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 gen.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c enzyme c\u1eaft gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c RNAse. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n DNA ho\u1eb7c cDNA.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PCR \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sao ch\u00e9p. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sao ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00e1y gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA. M\u1ed7i m\u1eabu c\u01a1 s\u1edf nucleotide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a gen.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h4>3. So s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h4>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 Sanger v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 NGS l\u00e0 hai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gene h\u1ecdc. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Sanger ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u1eabu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Sanger c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Sanger c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng gen c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Sanger th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 genome c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Sanger ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen ho\u1eb7c transkriptom c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Sanger v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p NGS \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen Sanger v\u00e0 NGS l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. 1. Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 Sanger Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen Sanger (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p dideoxy) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33,14],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Sanger hay NGS? - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen Sanger v\u00e0 NGS l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Sanger hay NGS? 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