{"id":1279,"date":"2023-04-08T12:54:56","date_gmt":"2023-04-08T05:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=1279"},"modified":"2023-04-17T10:16:56","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T03:16:56","slug":"thay-than","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/08\/thay-than\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1eadn n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi th\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc th\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn<\/h1>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn (Renal Replacement Theraphy \u2013 RRT) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, khi m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c. L\u1ecdc m\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1eabn \u0111ang g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do chi ph\u00ed cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea1ng th\u1eadn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2.1. L\u1ecdc m\u00e1u (Hemodialysis)<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ecdc m\u00e1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang ch\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u, m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00fai m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc (dialyzer) trong m\u00e1y th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc qua m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 3 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 gi\u1edd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed cao, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, v\u1ecdt b\u1ebb, chu\u1ed9t r\u00fat, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, n\u00f4n, nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111au ng\u1ef1c, s\u1ed1t, l\u1ea1nh run, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh (Disequilibrium Syndrome), lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ecbp tim, tr\u00e0n m\u00e1u m\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tim, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft n\u00e3o,\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"
Minh h\u1ecda qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u. Ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong>: MAA Medicare Kidney Charity Fund, Malaysia, n.d.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • S\u1ee3 kim ch\u00edch.<\/li>\n
  • Suy tim n\u1eb7ng.<\/li>\n
  • R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2.2. Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c (Peritoneal dialysis)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fai d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng, th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng. D\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch th\u1eadn v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong b\u1ee5ng. Sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

    Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 gi\u1edd. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cao v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c, x\u01a1 h\u00f3a ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng da, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m Catheter, Catheter b\u1ecb t\u1eaft, t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft,\u2026.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Minh h\u1ecda qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c. Ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong>: El paciente en di\u00e1lisis peritoneal by Julen Ocharan-Corcueraa<\/span>, Mar\u00eda del Carmen Natalia Espinosa Furlonga<\/span>, Antonio <\/span><\/span>M\u00e9ndez-Dur\u00e1n<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0ng b\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1eb9o d\u00ednh trong ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
    • D\u1ecbch l\u1ecdc d\u00f2 l\u00ean c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap thay d\u1ecbch l\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • M\u1edbi m\u1ed5 gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 b\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
      • Shunt n\u00e3o th\u1ea5t – \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng dung n\u1ea1p v\u1edbi ch\u01b0a d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
      • Suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1eb7ng, b\u00e9o ph\u00ec.<\/li>\n
      • Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng da v\u00f9ng b\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
      • B\u1ec7nh v\u00f9ng b\u1ee5ng (vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t, t\u00fai th\u1eeba)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2.3. Gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn (Kidney Trasplantation)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadn kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p hi\u1ec7n nay:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Th\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n (Native kidney).<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb anh em sinh \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f9ng tr\u1ee9ng (Syngraft Transplantation).<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Allograft Transplantation).<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Zenotransplantation).<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (Living allograft transplantation), bao g\u1ed3m: c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng (Living related donor) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng (Living unrelated donor).<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eadn gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (Cadaveric allograft transplantation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \"\"
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Minh h\u1ecda gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn. Ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong>: Kidney Transplant Unit<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn, th\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Th\u1eadn m\u1edbi s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf cho th\u1eadn b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

          Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c theo \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn m\u1edbi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

          Gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn, nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u, th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u00e1c s\u0129, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1eadn n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi th\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[29,33],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn (Renal Replacement Theraphy \u2013 RRT) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf th\u1eadn - 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