{"id":1167,"date":"2023-04-08T20:26:18","date_gmt":"2023-04-08T13:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/?p=1167"},"modified":"2023-04-13T13:03:16","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T06:03:16","slug":"ly-trich-va-do-nong-do-dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/index.php\/2023\/04\/08\/ly-trich-va-do-nong-do-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ly tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ly tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA l\u00e0 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y sinh di truy\u1ec1n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1168 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-06-at-00.19.39-300x258.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-06-at-00.19.39-300x258.png 300w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-06-at-00.19.39-768x659.png 768w, http:\/\/noithathoaphat.in\/ctv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot-2023-04-06-at-00.19.39.png 834w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>1. Ly tr\u00edch DNA<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ly tr\u00edch DNA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c DNA t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y DNA t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, m\u00f4, m\u00e1u, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ly tr\u00edch DNA kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf DNA c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a DNA thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau khi ly tr\u00edch DNA, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a DNA c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0\u00a0<a class=\"Markdown_link__9ACHA MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G\">PCR<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"Markdown_link__9ACHA MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G\">southern blot<\/a>, sequencing, cloning, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ly tr\u00edch DNA \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sau \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ly tr\u00edch DNA ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf DNA c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a DNA thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ly tr\u00edch DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ly tr\u00edch DNA b\u1eb1ng Phenol\/Chloroform:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phenol v\u00e0 chloroform \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch DNA kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong m\u1eabu. Sau khi ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (phenol\/chloroform) v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ethanol \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ly tr\u00edch DNA b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9t silica:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed9t silica \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch DNA kh\u1ecfi m\u1eabu. DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u1ed9t silica, r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ly tr\u00edch DNA b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi DNA \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch DNA kh\u1ecfi m\u1eabu. H\u1ea1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ly tr\u00edch DNA b\u1eb1ng Chelex:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Chelex, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch DNA kh\u1ecfi m\u1eabu. Chelex \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR. Sau \u0111\u00f3, DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ly tr\u00edch DNA b\u1eb1ng CTAB:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ly tr\u00edch DNA t\u1eeb m\u1eabu th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng CTAB v\u00e0 DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ly tr\u00edch DNA ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. \u0110o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DNA trong m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ly tr\u00edch DNA. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DNA thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a DNA tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110o quang ph\u1ed5 UV:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n UV \u0111\u1ec3 quang ph\u1ed5 h\u00f3a DNA v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 260 nm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa DNA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111o fluorometer:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111o fluorometer \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA. Khi ch\u1ea5t fluorochrome d\u00ednh v\u00e0o DNA, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t quang, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng agarose gel electrophoresis:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng agarose gel electrophoresis \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed DNA theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a DNA, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a DNA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111o spectrophotometer:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111o spectrophotometer \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a DNA t\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 260 nm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c trong m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o quang ph\u1ed5 UV l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 fluorometer v\u00e0 spectrophotometer \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ly tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA l\u00e0 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y sinh di truy\u1ec1n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. 1. Ly tr\u00edch DNA Ly tr\u00edch DNA l\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33,14],"tags":[3],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ed5ng quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ly tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA - Vinmec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ly tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA l\u00e0 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y sinh di truy\u1ec1n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ed5ng quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ly tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 DNA - 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